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On the Spanish Main
On the Spanish Main

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of On the Spanish Main is here in full — 351 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/70 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.
They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."
The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.
They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.
They then called the island Hispaniola, and built a city, on the south coast, as the capital.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

On the Spanish Main

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of On the Spanish Main is here in full — 351 sentences across 71 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/70 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.
Line 2
They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."
Line 3
The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.
Line 4
They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.
Line 5
They then called the island Hispaniola, and built a city, on the south coast, as the capital.
/ðeɪ ðen kɔːld ðə ˈaɪlənd hɪˌspɑːˈŋoʊlə ənd bɪlt ə ˈsɪti ɑːn ðə saʊθ koʊst æz ðə ˈkæpətəl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bloodhounds noun US /ˈblʌdhaʊndz/

plural of “bloodhound” — a breed of large powerful hound of European origin having very acute smell and used in tracking

From this reading “The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.”

brutish adjective US /ˈbruːtɪʃ/

resembling a beast; showing lack of human sensibility

From this reading “They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."”

Buccaneer noun US /ˌbʌkəˈniːr/

someone who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea without having a commission from any sovereign nation

From this reading “THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.”

buccaneers noun US /ˌbʌkəˈniːrz/

plural of “buccaneer” — someone who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea without having a commission from any sovereign nation

From this reading “THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.”

hispaniola noun US /hɪˌspɑːˈŋoʊlə/

an island in the West Indies

From this reading “THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.”

peaceably adverb US /ˈpiːsəbli/

in a peaceable manner

From this reading “THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.”

sensuality noun US /ˌsenʃuːˈælətiː/

desire for sensual pleasures

From this reading “They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."”

zealously adverb US /ˈziːləsli/

in a zealous manner

From this reading “They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1,000,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

1492

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They then called the island Hispaniola, and built a city, on the south coast, as the capital.

barbarousadjectiveUS /ˈbɑːrbərəs/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

bloodhoundsnounUS /ˈblʌdhaʊndz/

plural of “bloodhound” — a breed of large powerful hound of European origin having very acute smell and used in tracking

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

brutishadjectiveUS /ˈbruːtɪʃ/

resembling a beast; showing lack of human sensibility

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

BuccaneernounUS /ˌbʌkəˈniːr/

someone who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea without having a commission from any sovereign nation

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

buccaneersnounUS /ˌbʌkəˈniːrz/

plural of “buccaneer” — someone who robs at sea or plunders the land from the sea without having a commission from any sovereign nation

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading They then called the island Hispaniola, and built a city, on the south coast, as the capital.

bullsnounUS /bʊlz/

plural of “bull” — uncastrated adult male of domestic cattle

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

caciques

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading They then called the island Hispaniola, and built a city, on the south coast, as the capital.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading They then called the island Hispaniola, and built a city, on the south coast, as the capital.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading They then called the island Hispaniola, and built a city, on the south coast, as the capital.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading They then called the island Hispaniola, and built a city, on the south coast, as the capital.

ColumbusnounUS /kəˈlʌmbəs/

the state capital of Ohio; located in the center of the state; site of Ohio State University

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

commitverbUS /kəˈmɪt/

perform an act, usually with a negative connotation

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

creaturesnounUS /ˈkriːtʃərz/

plural of “creature” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

customsnounUS /ˈkʌstəmz/

money collected under a tariff

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

dieverbUS /daɪ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

discouragedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskɜːrədʒd/

made less hopeful or enthusiastic

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

distastenounUS /dɪˈsteɪst/

a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

faint-heartedadjective

lacking conviction or boldness or courage

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

faminenounUS /ˈfæmən/

an acute insufficiency

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

gentleadjectiveUS /ˈdʒentəl/

soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

gold-mines

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

hatingverbUS /ˈheɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “hate” — dislike intensely; feel antipathy or aversion towards

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

Haytinoun

an island in the West Indies

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

HISPANIOLAnounUS /hɪˌspɑːˈŋoʊlə/

an island in the West Indies

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

huntedadjectiveUS /ˈhʌntəd/

reflecting the fear or terror of one who is hunted

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

huntersnounUS /ˈhʌntərz/

plural of “hunter” — someone who hunts game

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

inclinedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈklaɪnd/

(often followed by “to”) having a preference, disposition, or tendency

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

IndiansnounUS /ˈɪndiənz/

plural of “indian” — a native or inhabitant of India

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

islandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading They then called the island Hispaniola, and built a city, on the south coast, as the capital.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

kingsnounUS /kɪŋz/

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

landedadjectiveUS /ˈlændəd/

owning or consisting of land or real estate

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

mannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

peaceablyadverbUS /ˈpiːsəbli/

in a peaceable manner

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

politicsnounUS /ˈpɑːlətɪks/

social relations involving intrigue to gain authority or power

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

reducedadjectiveUS /rəˈduːst/

made less in size or amount or degree

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

refinementnounUS /rəˈfaɪnmənt/

a highly developed state of perfection; having a flawless or impeccable quality

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

RiseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

RULEnounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

sensualitynounUS /ˌsenʃuːˈælətiː/

desire for sensual pleasures

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

soulsnounUS /soʊlz/

plural of “soul” — the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading They then called the island Hispaniola, and built a city, on the south coast, as the capital.

SpaniardsnounUS /ˈspænjərdz/

plural of “spaniard” — a native or inhabitant of Spain

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

SPANISHnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

suicidenounUS /ˈsuːəsaɪd/

the act of killing yourself

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading They then called the island Hispaniola, and built a city, on the south coast, as the capital.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

thirdnounUS /θɜːrd/

one of three equal parts of a divisible whole

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

Tortuga

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

totallyadverbUS /ˈtoʊtəli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

twentiethnounUS /ˈtwentiəθ/

position 20 in a countable series of things

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

twentynounUS /ˈtwenti/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nineteen and one

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were "faint-hearted creatures," "a barbarous sort of people, totally given to sensuality and a brutish custom of life, hating all manner of labour, and only inclined to run from place to place."

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading THE SPANISH RULE IN HISPANIOLA Rise of the buccaneers--The hunters of the wild bulls--Tortuga--Buccaneer politics--Buccaneer customs In 1492, when Columbus landed on Hayti, he found there about 1,000,000 Indians, of a gentle refinement of manners, living peaceably under their kings or caciques.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The Spaniards killed many thousands of them, hunted a number with their bloodhounds, sent a number to work the gold-mines, and caused about a third of the population to commit suicide or die of famine.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

zealouslyadverbUS /ˈziːləsli/

in a zealous manner

From this reading They discouraged sensuality and a distaste for work so zealously that within twenty years they had reduced the population to less than a twentieth part of its original 1,000,000 of souls.

Chapter 8 of On the Spanish Main by John Masefield holds 351 sentences, grouped into 71 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of On the Spanish Main contain?

Chapter 8 holds 351 sentences of On the Spanish Main, unabridged, divided into 71 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of On the Spanish Main by John Masefield exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 351 sentences, grouped into 71 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of On the Spanish Main?

Work through the 71 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 71 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading On the Spanish Main

Common questions about reading On the Spanish Main by John Masefield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of On the Spanish Main?

Yes. All 4708 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19396 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of On the Spanish Main is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19396, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does On the Spanish Main take to read?

About 392 minutes of reading across 942 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read On the Spanish Main section by section

How to work through On the Spanish Main section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of On the Spanish Main to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in On the Spanish Main

Words and structures a reader meets early in On the Spanish Main, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Quarrel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Spanish Main; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spaniards--his
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Spanish Main; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preliminary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Spanish Main; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Raids--his
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Spanish Main; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.