Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
On the Spanish Main
On the Spanish Main

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of On the Spanish Main is here in full — 133 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for On the Spanish Main
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.
In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.
The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).
He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.
He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

On the Spanish Main

Chapter XVIII · Chapter 18

Chapter 18 of On the Spanish Main is here in full — 133 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.
Line 2
In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.
Line 3
The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).
Line 4
He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.
Line 5
He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Armada noun US /ɑːrˈmɑːdə/

a large fleet

From this reading “THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.”

Discourses noun US /dɪˈskɔːrsɪz/

plural of “discourse” — extended verbal expression in speech or writing

From this reading “THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.”

displace verb US /dɪˈspleɪs/

cause to move, usually with force or pressure

From this reading “The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).”

empowered adjective US /ɪmˈpaʊərd/

invested with legal power or official authority especially as symbolized by having a scepter

From this reading “The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).”

navigate verb US /ˈnævəɡeɪt/

travel on water propelled by wind or by other means

From this reading “He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.”

officer's noun US /ˈɔːfɪsərz/

possessive form of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading “He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.”

steamship noun US /ˈstiːmʃɪp/

a ship powered by one or more steam engines

From this reading “THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.”

subordinates noun US /səˈbɔːrdəneɪts/

plural of “subordinate” — an assistant subject to the authority or control of another

From this reading “He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

ArmadanounUS /ɑːrˈmɑːdə/

a large fleet

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

Boteler's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

calculationsnounUS /ˌkælkjəˈleɪʃənz/

plural of “calculation” — the procedure of calculating; determining something by mathematical or logical methods

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

CaptainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

carefuladjectiveUS /ˈkerfəl/

exercising caution or showing care or attention

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

checkverbUS /tʃek/

examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

chooseverbUS /tʃuːz/

pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

committedadjectiveUS /kəˈmɪtɪd/

bound or obligated, as under a pledge to a particular cause, action, or attitude

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

COMPANYnounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

comparingnounUS /kəmˈperɪŋ/

the act of examining resemblances

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

competentadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmpətɪnt/

properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

Dialogical

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

DiscoursesnounUS /dɪˈskɔːrsɪz/

plural of “discourse” — extended verbal expression in speech or writing

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

displaceverbUS /dɪˈspleɪs/

cause to move, usually with force or pressure

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

DutiesnounUS /ˈduːtiz/

plural of “duty” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

empoweredadjectiveUS /ɪmˈpaʊərd/

invested with legal power or official authority especially as symbolized by having a scepter

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

exactlyadverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktli/

indicating exactness or preciseness

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

HawkinsnounUS /ˈhɔːkɪnz/

English privateer involved in the slave trade; later helped build the fleet that in 1588 defeated the Spanish Armada (1532-1595)

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

ibid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

IndeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

inferioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɪriər/

of or characteristic of low rank or importance

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

LieutenantnounUS /luːˈtenənt/

a commissioned military officer

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

MasternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

master'snounUS /ˈmæstərz/

possessive form of “master” — an artist of consummate skill

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

Monson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

Monson's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

muster-book

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

navigateverbUS /ˈnævəɡeɪt/

travel on water propelled by wind or by other means

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

Nicolas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

ObservationsnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃənz/

plural of “observation” — the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

offences

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

officernounUS /ˈɔːfəsər/

any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

officer'snounUS /ˈɔːfɪsərz/

possessive form of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

pettyadjectiveUS /ˈpetiː/

inferior in rank or status

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

privilegesnounUS /ˈprɪvlədʒəz/

plural of “privilege” — a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

punishverbUS /ˈpʌnɪʃ/

impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

sailingnounUS /ˈseɪlɪŋ/

the work of a sailor

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

sciencenounUS /ˈsaɪəns/

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

SHIP'SnounUS /ʃɪps/

possessive form of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

steamshipnounUS /ˈstiːmʃɪp/

a ship powered by one or more steam engines

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

storesnounUS /stɔːrz/

plural of “store” — a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

subordinatesnounUS /səˈbɔːrdəneɪts/

plural of “subordinate” — an assistant subject to the authority or control of another

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

sufficientadjectiveUS /səˈfɪʃənt/

of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundant

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

supernumeraries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

supremeadjectiveUS /səˈpriːm/

final or last in your life or progress

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

TractsnounUS /trækts/

plural of “tract” — an extended area of land

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

WnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

WarrantnounUS /ˈwɔːrənt/

a writ from a court commanding police to perform specified acts

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

Chapter 18 of On the Spanish Main by John Masefield holds 133 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of On the Spanish Main contain?

Chapter 18 holds 133 sentences of On the Spanish Main, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of On the Spanish Main by John Masefield exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 133 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of On the Spanish Main?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading On the Spanish Main

Common questions about reading On the Spanish Main by John Masefield on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of On the Spanish Main?

Yes. All 4708 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #19396 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of On the Spanish Main is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #19396, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does On the Spanish Main take to read?

About 392 minutes of reading across 942 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read On the Spanish Main section by section

How to work through On the Spanish Main section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 20 chapters of On the Spanish Main to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in On the Spanish Main

Words and structures a reader meets early in On the Spanish Main, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Quarrel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Spanish Main; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spaniards--his
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Spanish Main; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preliminary
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Spanish Main; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Raids--his
A word that appears in the opening chapter of On the Spanish Main; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.