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On the Spanish Main
On the Spanish Main

Chapter XVIII

Cover illustration for On the Spanish Main
Context Illustration Reading 1/27 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.
In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.
The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).
He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.
He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

On the Spanish Main

Chapter XVIII

Reading 1/27 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.
Line 2
In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.
Line 3
The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).
Line 4
He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.
Line 5
He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Captain noun US /ˈcaptain/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.”

Choose noun US /choose/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.”

Except preposition US /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading “The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).”

Hawkins noun US /ˈhawkins/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.”

Ship noun US /ship/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.”

Until preposition US /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading “THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

account

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

ago

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

almost

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

always

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

any

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

Armada

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

Boteler's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

calculations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

CaptainnounUS /ˈcaptain/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

careful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

centuries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

changed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

check

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

choosenounUS /choose/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

coming

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

committed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

COMPANY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

comparing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

competent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

death

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

Dialogical

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

Discourses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

displace

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

Duties

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

empowered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

exactly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

expected

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

find

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

hardly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

Hawkins

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

head

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

ibid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

Indeed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

inferior

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

James

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

keep

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

Lieutenant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

Master

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

master's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

modern

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

Monson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

Monson's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

muster-book

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

navigate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

Nicolas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

Observations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

offences

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

officer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

officer's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

officers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

own

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

petty

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

privileges

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

punish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

rule

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

sailing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

science

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

shipnounUS /ship/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

SHIP'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

ships

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

Sir

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From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

some

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From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

steamship

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From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

stores

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From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

subordinates

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From this reading He was expected to choose his own lieutenant (_ibid._), to keep a muster-book, and a careful account of the petty officer's stores (_Monson_ and _Sir Richard Hawkins_), and to punish any offences committed by his subordinates.

sufficient

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From this reading He was not always competent to navigate (_ibid._), but as a rule he had sufficient science to check the master's calculations.

supernumeraries

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From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

supreme

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From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

three

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From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

Tracts

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From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

W

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From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

Warrant

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From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The captain was the supreme head of the ship, empowered to displace any inferior officer except the master (_Monson_).

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In modern sailing ships the duties of some of the supernumeraries are almost exactly as they were three centuries ago.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE SHIP'S COMPANY Captain--Master--Lieutenant--Warrant officers--Duties and privileges By comparing Sir Richard Hawkins' "Observations" and Sir W. Monson's "Tracts" with Nicolas Boteler's "Dialogical Discourses," we find that the duties of ship's officers changed hardly at all from the time of the Armada to the death of James I. Indeed they changed hardly at all until the coming of the steamship.