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Openings in the Old Trail
Openings in the Old Trail

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Openings in the Old Trail is here in full — 161 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
It was high hot noon on the Casket Ridge.
Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.
Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.
There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.
Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Openings in the Old Trail

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Openings in the Old Trail is here in full — 161 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
It was high hot noon on the Casket Ridge.
/ɪt wɑːz haɪ hɑːt nuːn ɑːn ðə ˈkæskət rɪdʒ/
Line 2
Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.
Line 3
Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.
/əˈkeɪʒənəli wɪð ə bɔɪz pərˈvɜːrsəti hiː pərˈmɪtɪd wʌn berd fʊt tuː proʊˈtruːd bɪˈɑːnd ðə ˈʃɑːrpli mɑːrkt ˈʃæd.oʊ ənˈtɪl ðə ˈbɜːrnɪŋ sʌn fɔːrst hɪm tuː drɔː ɪt ɪn əˈɡen wɪð ə θrɪl ʌv ˌsætəˈsfækʃən/
Line 4
There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.
Line 5
Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!
/ˈhævɪŋ ɡɑːt ˈʌndər ðɪs triː wɪð ˈɪnfənət ker hiː hæd meɪd ʌp hɪz maɪnd ðæt hiː wʊd nɑːt muːv frʌm ɪt ənˈtɪl ɪts laɪn ʌv ʃeɪd riːtʃt ənd tʌtʃt ə ˈsɜːrtən stoʊn ɑːn ðə treɪl nɪr hɪm/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bared adjective US /berd/

having the head uncovered

From this reading “Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.”

Boone noun US /buːn/

an American pioneer and guide and explorer (1734-1820)

From this reading “Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.”

firs noun US /fɜːrz/

plural of “fir” — nonresinous wood of a fir tree

From this reading “Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.”

Leonidas noun US /liˈɔːnɪdəz/

king of Sparta and hero of the battle of Thermopylae where he was killed by the Persians (died in 480 BC)

From this reading “Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.”

opinionated adjective US /əˈpɪnjəneɪtɪd/

obstinate in your opinions

From this reading “There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.”

perversity noun US /pərˈvɜːrsəti/

deliberate and stubborn unruliness and resistance to guidance or discipline

From this reading “Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.”

protrude verb US /proʊˈtruːd/

extend out or project in space

From this reading “Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.”

restricted adjective US /riˈstrɪktəd/

subject to restriction or subjected to restriction

From this reading “Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.”

All words in this reading · 111

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

baredadjectiveUS /berd/

having the head uncovered

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

BoonenounUS /buːn/

an American pioneer and guide and explorer (1734-1820)

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

boy'snounUS /bɔɪz/

possessive form of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

burningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

CasketnounUS /ˈkæskət/

box in which a corpse is buried or cremated

From this reading It was high hot noon on the Casket Ridge.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

drawverbUS /drɔː/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

dwarfnounUS /dwɔːrf/

a person who is markedly small

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

earthlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrθli/

of or belonging to or characteristic of this earth as distinguished from heaven

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

firsnounUS /fɜːrz/

plural of “fir” — nonresinous wood of a fir tree

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading It was high hot noon on the Casket Ridge.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading It was high hot noon on the Casket Ridge.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

infiniteadjectiveUS /ˈɪnfənət/

having no limits or boundaries in time or space or extent or magnitude

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was high hot noon on the Casket Ridge.

ItsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

LeonidasnounUS /liˈɔːnɪdəz/

king of Sparta and hero of the battle of Thermopylae where he was killed by the Persians (died in 480 BC)

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

noonnounUS /nuːn/

the middle of the day

From this reading It was high hot noon on the Casket Ridge.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

OccasionallyadverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənəli/

sporadically and infrequently

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was high hot noon on the Casket Ridge.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

opinionatedadjectiveUS /əˈpɪnjəneɪtɪd/

obstinate in your opinions

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

permittedverbUS /pərˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “permit” — consent to, give permission

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

perpendicularlyadverb

straight up or down without a break

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

perversitynounUS /pərˈvɜːrsəti/

deliberate and stubborn unruliness and resistance to guidance or discipline

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

pine-trees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

protrudeverbUS /proʊˈtruːd/

extend out or project in space

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

rearedverbUS /rɪrd/

past form of “rear” — stand up on the hind legs, of quadrupeds

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

restrictedadjectiveUS /riˈstrɪktəd/

subject to restriction or subjected to restriction

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

RidgenounUS /rɪdʒ/

a long narrow natural elevation or striation

From this reading It was high hot noon on the Casket Ridge.

satisfactionnounUS /ˌsætəˈsfækʃən/

the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

scantadjectiveUS /skænt/

less than the correct or legal or full amount often deliberately so

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

ScotchnounUS /skɑːtʃ/

a slight surface cut (especially a notch that is made to keep a tally)

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

seekingnounUS /ˈsiːkɪŋ/

the act of searching for something

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

shadenounUS /ʃeɪd/

relative darkness caused by light rays being intercepted by an opaque body

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

shadowsnounUS /ˈʃædoʊz/

plural of “shadow” — shade within clear boundaries

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

sharplyadverbUS /ˈʃɑːrpli/

in an aggressive manner

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

shelternounUS /ˈʃeltər/

a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

slopenounUS /sloʊp/

an elevated geological formation

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

soughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

superstitiousadjectiveUS /ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃəs/

showing ignorance of the laws of nature and faith in magic or chance

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was high hot noon on the Casket Ridge.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

thrillnounUS /θrɪl/

the swift release of a store of affective force

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

touchedadjectiveUS /tʌtʃt/

having come into contact

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

trailnounUS /treɪl/

a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

umbrellanounUS /əmˈbrelə/

a lightweight handheld collapsible canopy

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was high hot noon on the Casket Ridge.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Its very scant shade was restricted to a few dwarf Scotch firs, and was so perpendicularly cast that Leonidas Boone, seeking shelter from the heat, was obliged to draw himself up under one of them, as if it were an umbrella.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

whynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading There was no earthly reason why he had not sought the larger shadows of the pine-trees which reared themselves against the Ridge on the slope below him, except that he was a boy, and perhaps even more superstitious and opinionated than most boys.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Occasionally, with a boy's perversity, he permitted one bared foot to protrude beyond the sharply marked shadow until the burning sun forced him to draw it in again with a thrill of satisfaction.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Having got under this tree with infinite care, he had made up his mind that he would not move from it until its line of shade reached and touched a certain stone on the trail near him!

Chapter 1 of Openings in the Old Trail by Bret Harte holds 161 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Openings in the Old Trail contain?

Chapter 1 holds 161 sentences of Openings in the Old Trail, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Openings in the Old Trail by Bret Harte exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 161 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Openings in the Old Trail?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Openings in the Old Trail

Common questions about reading Openings in the Old Trail by Bret Harte on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Openings in the Old Trail?

Yes. All 3277 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2535 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Openings in the Old Trail is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2535, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Openings in the Old Trail take to read?

About 273 minutes of reading across 656 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Openings in the Old Trail section by section

How to work through Openings in the Old Trail section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 19 chapters of Openings in the Old Trail to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Openings in the Old Trail

Words and structures a reader meets early in Openings in the Old Trail, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Casket
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Openings in the Old Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Ridge
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Openings in the Old Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Scant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Openings in the Old Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shade
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Openings in the Old Trail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.