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Oregon and Eldorado
Oregon and Eldorado

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Oregon and Eldorado is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE SOURCES OF THE MISSOURI AND COLUMBIA.
Aug.
12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.
At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.
Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Oregon and Eldorado

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Oregon and Eldorado is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE SOURCES OF THE MISSOURI AND COLUMBIA.
/ðə ˈsɔːrsəz ʌv ðə məˈzʊri ənd kəˈlʌmbiə/
Line 2
Aug.
/ˈɔːɡəst/
Line 3
12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.
Line 4
At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.
/æt ðə ˈdɪstəns ʌv fɔːr maɪlz frʌm hɪz kæmp hiː faʊnd ə lɑːrdʒ pleɪn ˈɪndiən roʊd wɪtʃ ˈentərd ðə ˈvæli frʌm ðə ˌnɔːrˈθiːst/
Line 5
Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abruptly adverb US /əˈbrʌptli/

quickly and without warning

From this reading “Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.”

Aug noun US /ˈɔːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading “Aug.”

columbia noun US /kəˈlʌmbiə/

a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring

From this reading “THE SOURCES OF THE MISSOURI AND COLUMBIA.”

hoping verb US /ˈhoʊpɪŋ/

-ing form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading “12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.”

Lewis noun US /ˈluːɪs/

United States rock star singer and pianist (born in 1935)

From this reading “12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.”

missouri noun US /məˈzʊri/

a midwestern state in central United States; a border state during the American Civil War, Missouri was admitted to the Confederacy without actually seceding from the Union

From this reading “THE SOURCES OF THE MISSOURI AND COLUMBIA.”

north-east adverb US /ˌnɔːrˈθiːst/

to, toward, or in the northeast

From this reading “At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.”

sources noun US /ˈsɔːrsəz/

plural of “source” — the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading “THE SOURCES OF THE MISSOURI AND COLUMBIA.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

five miles noun + noun counted as “five mile”

In this reading “Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.”

four miles noun + noun counted as “four mile”

In this reading “At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.”

main stream adjective + noun

In this reading “Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.”

same direction adjective + noun

In this reading “Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.”

At the distance preposition + article + noun counted as “at … distance”

In this reading “At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.”

All words in this reading · 61

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

12

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.

1805

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading 12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.

abruptlyadverbUS /əˈbrʌptli/

quickly and without warning

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

acrossprepositionUS /əˈkrɔːs/

from one side of something to the other

From this reading 12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.

advanceverbUS /ədˈvæns/

move forward, also in the metaphorical sense

From this reading 12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading 12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE SOURCES OF THE MISSOURI AND COLUMBIA.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.

AugnounUS /ˈɔːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading Aug.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.

Capt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.

COLUMBIAnounUS /kəˈlʌmbiə/

a North American river; rises in southwestern Canada and flows southward across Washington to form the border between Washington and Oregon before emptying into the Pacific; known for its salmon runs in the spring

From this reading THE SOURCES OF THE MISSOURI AND COLUMBIA.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

decidedadjectiveUS /ˌdɪˈsaɪdɪd/

recognizable; marked

From this reading 12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading 12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

FollowingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading 12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.

hopingverbUS /ˈhoʊpɪŋ/

-ing form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading 12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading 12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.

LewisnounUS /ˈluːɪs/

United States rock star singer and pianist (born in 1935)

From this reading 12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.

MISSOURInounUS /məˈzʊri/

a midwestern state in central United States; a border state during the American Civil War, Missouri was admitted to the Confederacy without actually seceding from the Union

From this reading THE SOURCES OF THE MISSOURI AND COLUMBIA.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading 12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

north-eastadverbUS /ˌnɔːrˈθiːst/

to, toward, or in the northeast

From this reading At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SOURCES OF THE MISSOURI AND COLUMBIA.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.

roadnounUS /roʊd/

an open way (generally public) for travel or transportation

From this reading 12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

SOURCESnounUS /ˈsɔːrsəz/

plural of “source” — the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading THE SOURCES OF THE MISSOURI AND COLUMBIA.

south-westadverb

to, toward, or in the southwest

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SOURCES OF THE MISSOURI AND COLUMBIA.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading 12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading 12, 1805.--Capt. Lewis decided to advance along the foot of the mountains, hoping to find a road leading across them.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.

westnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading Following this road towards the south-west, the valley, for the first five miles, continued in the same direction; then the main stream turned abruptly to the west, through a narrow bottom between the mountains.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading At the distance of four miles from his camp, he found a large, plain, Indian road, which entered the valley from the north-east.

Chapter 8 of Oregon and Eldorado by Thomas Bulfinch holds 65 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Oregon and Eldorado contain?

Chapter 8 holds 65 sentences of Oregon and Eldorado, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Oregon and Eldorado by Thomas Bulfinch exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 65 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Oregon and Eldorado?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Oregon and Eldorado

Common questions about reading Oregon and Eldorado by Thomas Bulfinch on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Oregon and Eldorado?

Yes. All 3793 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38774 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Oregon and Eldorado is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38774, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Oregon and Eldorado take to read?

About 316 minutes of reading across 759 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Oregon and Eldorado section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Oregon and Eldorado

Words and structures a reader meets early in Oregon and Eldorado, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Oregon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Oregon and Eldorado; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Eldorado
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Oregon and Eldorado; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Romance
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Oregon and Eldorado; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rivers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Oregon and Eldorado; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.