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Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities
Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities is here in full — 220 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.
Its mean distance is 141,500,000 miles, variable, through the eccentricity of its orbit, to the extent of about 13,000,000 miles.
It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.
Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.
Its period of orbital revolution, or the length of its year, is 687 of our days.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities is here in full — 220 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.
/mɑːrz ə wɜːrld mɔːr ədˈvænst ðæn ˈaʊərz mɑːrz ɪz ðə fɔːrθ ˈplænət ɪn ðə ˈɔːrdər ʌv ˈdɪstəns frʌm ðə sʌn ənd ðə ˈaʊtərmoʊst ˈmembər ʌv ðə tərˈestriəl ɡruːp/
Line 2
Its mean distance is 141,500,000 miles, variable, through the eccentricity of its orbit, to the extent of about 13,000,000 miles.
Line 3
It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.
/ɪt wɪl biː əbˈzɜːrvd ðæt ðɪs ɪz ˈoʊnli ə ˈmɪljən maɪlz les ðæn ðə ˌveriˈeɪʃən ɪn ˈmɜːrkjəriz ˈdɪstəns frʌm ðə sʌn frʌm wɪtʃ ɪn ə ˈpriːviəs ˈtʃæptər wɜːr dɪˈduːst moʊst moʊˈmentəs ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz bʌt ɪn ðə keɪs ʌv mɑːrz ðə ˈreɪʃioʊ ʌv ðə ˌveriˈeɪʃən tuː ðə miːn ˈdɪstəns ɪz fɑːr ˈsmɔːlər ðæn wɪð ˈmɜːrkjəri soʊ ðæt ðə ɪˈfekt əˈpɑːn ðə ˈtemprətʃər ʌv ðə ˈplænət ɪz ˈrelətɪvli ˌɪnsɪɡˈnjɪfɪkənt/
Line 4
Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.
/mɑːrz ɡets ə ˈlɪtəl les ðæn hæf æz mʌtʃ ˈsoʊlər laɪt ənd hiːt æz ðə ɜːrθ rəˈsiːvz ɪts ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən ɪn ðɪs rɪˈspekt ˈbiːɪŋ dʒʌst ðə ˈɑːpəzət tuː ðæt ʌv ˈviːnəs/
Line 5
Its period of orbital revolution, or the length of its year, is 687 of our days.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

deduced verb US /dɪˈduːst/

past form of “deduce” — reason by deduction; establish by deduction

From this reading “It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.”

Mercury's noun US /ˈmɜːrkjəriz/

possessive form of “mercury” — a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures

From this reading “It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.”

orbit noun US /ˈɔːrbət/

the (usually elliptical) path described by one celestial body in its revolution about another

From this reading “Its mean distance is 141,500,000 miles, variable, through the eccentricity of its orbit, to the extent of about 13,000,000 miles.”

orbital adjective US /ˈɔːrbətəl/

of or relating to an orbit

From this reading “Its period of orbital revolution, or the length of its year, is 687 of our days.”

outermost adjective US /ˈaʊtərmoʊst/

situated at the farthest possible point from a center

From this reading “MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.”

ratio noun US /ˈreɪʃioʊ/

the relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient)

From this reading “It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.”

relatively adverb US /ˈrelətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading “It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.”

variable adjective US /ˈveriəbəl/

liable to or capable of change

From this reading “Its mean distance is 141,500,000 miles, variable, through the eccentricity of its orbit, to the extent of about 13,000,000 miles.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

13,000,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Its mean distance is 141,500,000 miles, variable, through the eccentricity of its orbit, to the extent of about 13,000,000 miles.

141,500,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Its mean distance is 141,500,000 miles, variable, through the eccentricity of its orbit, to the extent of about 13,000,000 miles.

687

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Its period of orbital revolution, or the length of its year, is 687 of our days.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Its mean distance is 141,500,000 miles, variable, through the eccentricity of its orbit, to the extent of about 13,000,000 miles.

ADVANCEDadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

consequencesnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəkwensəz/

plural of “consequence” — a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Its period of orbital revolution, or the length of its year, is 687 of our days.

deducedverbUS /dɪˈduːst/

past form of “deduce” — reason by deduction; establish by deduction

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.

eccentricitynounUS /ˌeksənˈtrɪsəti/

strange and unconventional behavior

From this reading Its mean distance is 141,500,000 miles, variable, through the eccentricity of its orbit, to the extent of about 13,000,000 miles.

effectnounUS /ɪˈfekt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading Its mean distance is 141,500,000 miles, variable, through the eccentricity of its orbit, to the extent of about 13,000,000 miles.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

fourthnounUS /fɔːrθ/

following the third position; number four in a countable series

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

getsnounUS /ɡets/

plural of “get” — a return on a shot that seemed impossible to reach and would normally have resulted in a point for the opponent

From this reading Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.

heatnounUS /hiːt/

a form of energy that is transferred by a difference in temperature

From this reading Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

insignificantadjectiveUS /ˌɪnsɪɡˈnjɪfɪkənt/

signifying nothing

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

ItsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Its mean distance is 141,500,000 miles, variable, through the eccentricity of its orbit, to the extent of about 13,000,000 miles.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading Its period of orbital revolution, or the length of its year, is 687 of our days.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.

MARSnounUS /mɑːrz/

a small reddish planet that is the 4th from the sun and is periodically visible to the naked eye; minerals rich in iron cover its surface and are responsible for its characteristic color

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading Its mean distance is 141,500,000 miles, variable, through the eccentricity of its orbit, to the extent of about 13,000,000 miles.

membernounUS /ˈmembər/

one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

MercurynounUS /ˈmɜːrkjəri/

a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

Mercury'snounUS /ˈmɜːrkjəriz/

possessive form of “mercury” — a heavy silvery toxic univalent and bivalent metallic element; the only metal that is liquid at ordinary temperatures

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading Its mean distance is 141,500,000 miles, variable, through the eccentricity of its orbit, to the extent of about 13,000,000 miles.

millionnounUS /ˈmɪljən/

the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

momentousadjectiveUS /moʊˈmentəs/

of very great significance

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

MOREadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Its period of orbital revolution, or the length of its year, is 687 of our days.

orbitnounUS /ˈɔːrbət/

the (usually elliptical) path described by one celestial body in its revolution about another

From this reading Its mean distance is 141,500,000 miles, variable, through the eccentricity of its orbit, to the extent of about 13,000,000 miles.

orbitaladjectiveUS /ˈɔːrbətəl/

of or relating to an orbit

From this reading Its period of orbital revolution, or the length of its year, is 687 of our days.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Its period of orbital revolution, or the length of its year, is 687 of our days.

OURSpronounUS /ˈaʊərz/

the one or ones belonging to us

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

outermostadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtərmoʊst/

situated at the farthest possible point from a center

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading Its period of orbital revolution, or the length of its year, is 687 of our days.

planetnounUS /ˈplænət/

(astronomy) any of the nine large celestial bodies in the solar system that revolve around the sun and shine by reflected light

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

rationounUS /ˈreɪʃioʊ/

the relative magnitudes of two quantities (usually expressed as a quotient)

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

receivesverbUS /rəˈsiːvz/

third-person singular of “receive” — get something; come into possession of

From this reading Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.

relativelyadverbUS /ˈrelətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.

revolutionnounUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃən/

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading Its period of orbital revolution, or the length of its year, is 687 of our days.

situationnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃən/

the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.

smalleradjectiveUS /ˈsmɔːlər/

small or little relative to something else

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

solaradjectiveUS /ˈsoʊlər/

relating to or derived from the sun or utilizing the energies of the sun

From this reading Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

temperaturenounUS /ˈtemprətʃər/

the degree of hotness or coldness of a body or environment (corresponding to its molecular activity)

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

terrestrialadjectiveUS /tərˈestriəl/

of or relating to or inhabiting the land as opposed to the sea or air

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

THANconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Its mean distance is 141,500,000 miles, variable, through the eccentricity of its orbit, to the extent of about 13,000,000 miles.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Its mean distance is 141,500,000 miles, variable, through the eccentricity of its orbit, to the extent of about 13,000,000 miles.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

variableadjectiveUS /ˈveriəbəl/

liable to or capable of change

From this reading Its mean distance is 141,500,000 miles, variable, through the eccentricity of its orbit, to the extent of about 13,000,000 miles.

variationnounUS /ˌveriˈeɪʃən/

an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

VenusnounUS /ˈviːnəs/

the second nearest planet to the sun

From this reading Mars gets a little less than half as much solar light and heat as the earth receives, its situation in this respect being just the opposite to that of Venus.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It will be observed that this is only a million miles less than the variation in Mercury's distance from the sun, from which, in a previous chapter, were deduced most momentous consequences; but, in the case of Mars, the ratio of the variation to the mean distance is far smaller than with Mercury, so that the effect upon the temperature of the planet is relatively insignificant.

WORLDnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading MARS, A WORLD MORE ADVANCED THAN OURS Mars is the fourth planet in the order of distance from the sun, and the outermost member of the terrestrial group.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Its period of orbital revolution, or the length of its year, is 687 of our days.

Chapter 4 of Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities by Garrett Putman Serviss holds 220 sentences, grouped into 44 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities contain?

Chapter 4 holds 220 sentences of Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities, unabridged, divided into 44 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities by Garrett Putman Serviss exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 220 sentences, grouped into 44 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities?

Work through the 44 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 44 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities

Common questions about reading Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities by Garrett Putman Serviss on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities?

Yes. All 1629 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18431 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18431, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities take to read?

About 135 minutes of reading across 326 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities section by section

How to work through Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities

Words and structures a reader meets early in Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Introductory
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Other
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Worlds
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Inhabitants
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Other Worlds Their Nature, Possibilities; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.