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Our business civilization
Our business civilization

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Our business civilization is here in full — 320 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/64 · 5 lines
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TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”
I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.
In looking back, it is of course very easy to underrate the real influence of one’s teachers.
In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.
I have often, however, tried to estimate just what my education did for my own incomparably less powerful mind.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Our business civilization

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Our business civilization is here in full — 320 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/64 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”
Line 2
I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.
Line 3
In looking back, it is of course very easy to underrate the real influence of one’s teachers.
Line 4
In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.
Line 5
I have often, however, tried to estimate just what my education did for my own incomparably less powerful mind.
/aɪ hæv ˈɔːfən ˌhaʊˈevər traɪd tuː ˈestəmət dʒʌst wʌt maɪ ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən dɪd fɔːr maɪ oʊn ˌɪnˈkɑːmpərəbli les ˈpaʊərfəl maɪnd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Adams's noun US /ˈædəmzɪz/

possessive form of “adams” — American Revolutionary leader and patriot; an organizer of the Boston Tea Party and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1722-1803)

basic adjective US /ˈbeɪsɪk/

pertaining to or constituting a base or basis

From this reading “I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.”

characterization noun US /ˌkerəktərɪˈzeɪʃən/

a graphic or vivid verbal description

From this reading “In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.”

incomparably adverb US /ˌɪnˈkɑːmpərəbli/

in an incomparable manner or to an incomparable degree

From this reading “I have often, however, tried to estimate just what my education did for my own incomparably less powerful mind.”

isms noun US /ˈɪzəmz/

plural of “ism” — a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading “I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.”

underrate verb US /ˌʌndərˈreɪt/

make too low an estimate of

From this reading “In looking back, it is of course very easy to underrate the real influence of one’s teachers.”

unprofitable adjective US /ənˈprɑːfɪtəbəl/

producing little or no profit or gain

From this reading “In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.”

welter noun US /ˈweltər/

a confused multitude of things

From this reading “I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

four years noun + noun

In this reading “In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.”

without the slightest preposition + article + noun counted as “without … slight”

In this reading “I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.”

less powerful adverb + adjective

In this reading “I have often, however, tried to estimate just what my education did for my own incomparably less powerful mind.”

whole career adjective + noun

In this reading “In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.”

of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “In looking back, it is of course very easy to underrate the real influence of one’s teachers.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

Adams'snounUS /ˈædəmzɪz/

possessive form of “adams” — American Revolutionary leader and patriot; an organizer of the Boston Tea Party and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1722-1803)

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

agreementnounUS /əˈɡriːmənt/

the statement (oral or written) of an exchange of promises

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

aimsnounUS /eɪmz/

plural of “aim” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

appearsverbUS /əˈpɪrz/

third-person singular of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading In looking back, it is of course very easy to underrate the real influence of one’s teachers.

basicadjectiveUS /ˈbeɪsɪk/

pertaining to or constituting a base or basis

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

BEauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

beginsnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnz/

plural of “begin” — Israeli statesman (born in Russia) who (as prime minister of Israel) negotiated a peace treaty with Anwar Sadat (then the president of Egypt) (1913-1992)

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

blanketnounUS /ˈblæŋkət/

bedding that keeps a person warm in bed

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

characterizationnounUS /ˌkerəktərɪˈzeɪʃən/

a graphic or vivid verbal description

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

confessverbUS /kənˈfes/

confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

couplenounUS /ˈkʌpəl/

a pair who associate with one another

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading In looking back, it is of course very easy to underrate the real influence of one’s teachers.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading I have often, however, tried to estimate just what my education did for my own incomparably less powerful mind.

DOauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading In looking back, it is of course very easy to underrate the real influence of one’s teachers.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

educationaladjectiveUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃənəl/

relating to the process of education

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

estimatenounUS /ˈestəmət/

an approximate calculation of quantity or degree or worth

From this reading I have often, however, tried to estimate just what my education did for my own incomparably less powerful mind.

EverythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

expensenounUS /ɪkˈspens/

amounts paid for goods and services that may be currently tax deductible (as opposed to capital expenditures)

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I have often, however, tried to estimate just what my education did for my own incomparably less powerful mind.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

Gibbon's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

HarvardnounUS /ˈhɑːrvərd/

a university in Massachusetts

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

hopelesslyadverbUS /ˈhoʊpləsli/

in a hopeless manner

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading I have often, however, tried to estimate just what my education did for my own incomparably less powerful mind.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

incomparablyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈkɑːmpərəbli/

in an incomparable manner or to an incomparable degree

From this reading I have often, however, tried to estimate just what my education did for my own incomparably less powerful mind.

indictmentnounUS /ˌɪnˈdaɪtmənt/

a formal document written for a prosecuting attorney charging a person with some offense

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading In looking back, it is of course very easy to underrate the real influence of one’s teachers.

interestedadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪd/

having or showing interest; especially curiosity or fascination or concern

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

ismsnounUS /ˈɪzəmz/

plural of “ism” — a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading I have often, however, tried to estimate just what my education did for my own incomparably less powerful mind.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading I have often, however, tried to estimate just what my education did for my own incomparably less powerful mind.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading In looking back, it is of course very easy to underrate the real influence of one’s teachers.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading I have often, however, tried to estimate just what my education did for my own incomparably less powerful mind.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I have often, however, tried to estimate just what my education did for my own incomparably less powerful mind.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

notenounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

observernounUS /əbˈzɜːrvər/

a person who becomes aware (of things or events) through the senses

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading I have often, however, tried to estimate just what my education did for my own incomparably less powerful mind.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

one's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In looking back, it is of course very easy to underrate the real influence of one’s teachers.

ORconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading I have often, however, tried to estimate just what my education did for my own incomparably less powerful mind.

OxfordnounUS /ˈɑːksfərd/

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading I have often, however, tried to estimate just what my education did for my own incomparably less powerful mind.

printedverbUS /ˈprɪntɪd/

past form of “print” — put into print

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

privatelyadverbUS /ˈpraɪvətli/

kept private or confined to those intimately concerned

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading In looking back, it is of course very easy to underrate the real influence of one’s teachers.

recentadjectiveUS /ˈriːsənt/

new

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

schoolsnounUS /skuːlz/

plural of “school” — an educational institution

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

sentencenounUS /ˈsentəns/

a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

slightestadjectiveUS /ˈslaɪtəst/

superlative of “slight” — (quantifier used with mass nouns) small in quantity or degree; not much or almost none or (with “a”) at least some

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

teachersnounUS /ˈtiːtʃərz/

plural of “teacher” — a person whose occupation is teaching

From this reading In looking back, it is of course very easy to underrate the real influence of one’s teachers.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading I have often, however, tried to estimate just what my education did for my own incomparably less powerful mind.

tryingadjectiveUS /ˈtraɪɪŋ/

hard to endure

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

uncertainadjectiveUS /ənˈsɜːrtən/

lacking or indicating lack of confidence or assurance

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

underrateverbUS /ˌʌndərˈreɪt/

make too low an estimate of

From this reading In looking back, it is of course very easy to underrate the real influence of one’s teachers.

unprofitableadjectiveUS /ənˈprɑːfɪtəbəl/

producing little or no profit or gain

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading In looking back, it is of course very easy to underrate the real influence of one’s teachers.

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

wastedadjectiveUS /ˈweɪstɪd/

serving no useful purpose; having no excuse for being

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

welternounUS /ˈweltər/

a confused multitude of things

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading I would not go quite as far as that in a blanket indictment of our educational system, but I must confess that to an outside but interested observer the system appears to be more and more hopelessly uncertain of where it is trying to go or what it is trying to do—a welter of “isms” in a sea of expense, without the slightest agreement as to basic aims.

writernounUS /ˈraɪtər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading TO “BE” OR TO “DO” TO “BE” OR TO “DO” I A recent writer in a privately printed volume on education begins with the sentence: “What is the matter with our schools?—Everything.”

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading In the past couple of days I have happened to note both Gibbon’s characterization of his Oxford days as the most unprofitable of his whole career, and Henry Adams’s of his four years at Harvard as wasted.

Chapter 7 of Our business civilization by James Truslow Adams holds 320 sentences, grouped into 64 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Our business civilization contain?

Chapter 7 holds 320 sentences of Our business civilization, unabridged, divided into 64 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Our business civilization by James Truslow Adams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 320 sentences, grouped into 64 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Our business civilization?

Work through the 64 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 64 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of Our business civilization?

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Project Gutenberg eBook #76007, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 244 minutes of reading across 587 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Our business civilization

Words and structures a reader meets early in Our business civilization, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
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Displayed
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Chapters
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Included
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