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Our business civilization
Our business civilization

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Our business civilization is here in full — 258 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.
The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.
“Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”
A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.
These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Our business civilization

Chapter IX

Chapter 9 of Our business civilization is here in full — 258 sentences across 52 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/51 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.
Line 2
The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.
Line 3
“Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”
Line 4
A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.
Line 5
These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

artistry noun US /ˈɑːrtɪstri/

a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation

From this reading “These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.”

classifications noun US /ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “classification” — the act of distributing things into classes or categories of the same type

From this reading “A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.”

criticize verb US /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/

find fault with; express criticism of; point out real or perceived flaws

From this reading “These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.”

cultured adjective US /ˈkʌltʃərd/

marked by refinement in taste and manners

From this reading “THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.”

evening's noun US /ˈiːvnɪŋz/

possessive form of “evening” — the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

intelligently adverb US /ˌɪnˈtelɪdʒəntli/

in an intelligent manner

From this reading “These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.”

meticulous adjective US /məˈtɪkjələs/

marked by precise accordance with details

From this reading “These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.”

poseurs noun US /ˈpoʊzərz/

plural of “poseur” — a person who habitually pretends to be something he is not

From this reading “These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

few nights adjective + noun

In this reading “A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.”

on account preposition + noun

In this reading “THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.”

returns from verb + particle counted as “return from”

In this reading “The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.”

in the street preposition + article + noun counted as “in … street”

In this reading ““Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?””

All words in this reading · 135

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

acutelyadverbUS /əˈkjuːtli/

in a keen or penetrating way

From this reading These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

afraidadjectiveUS /əˈfreɪd/

filled with fear or apprehension

From this reading “Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading “Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading “Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

artistrynounUS /ˈɑːrtɪstri/

a superior skill that you can learn by study and practice and observation

From this reading These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading “Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”

askingnounUS /ˈæskɪŋ/

the verbal act of requesting

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

borrowedverbUS /ˈbɑːroʊd/

past form of “borrow” — get temporarily

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

bullynounUS /ˈbʊli/

a cruel and brutal fellow

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

classificationsnounUS /ˌklæsəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “classification” — the act of distributing things into classes or categories of the same type

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

competentadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmpətɪnt/

properly or sufficiently qualified or capable or efficient

From this reading These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

complainedverbUS /kəmˈpleɪnd/

past form of “complain” — express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

contrastnounUS /ˈkɑːntræst/

the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

criticismnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

criticizeverbUS /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/

find fault with; express criticism of; point out real or perceived flaws

From this reading These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

culturedadjectiveUS /ˈkʌltʃərd/

marked by refinement in taste and manners

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

descendedverbUS /dɪˈsendəd/

past form of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

deviseverbUS /dɪˈvaɪz/

come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

editornounUS /ˈedətər/

a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading “Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”

evening'snounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋz/

possessive form of “evening” — the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

expressesnounUS /ɪkˈspresəz/

plural of “express” — mail that is distributed by a rapid and efficient system

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

familiaradjectiveUS /fəˈmɪljər/

well known or easily recognized

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading “Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

hesitatinglyadverb

with hesitation; in a hesitant manner

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

hotadjectiveUS /hɑːt/

used of physical heat; having a high or higher than desirable temperature or giving off heat or feeling or causing a sensation of heat or burning

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

importancenounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

the quality of being important and worthy of note

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

intelligentlyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈtelɪdʒəntli/

in an intelligent manner

From this reading These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading “Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

lestconjunctionUS /lest/

in order that something should not happen

From this reading These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

literaryadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəreri/

of or relating to or characteristic of literature

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading “Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

meticulousadjectiveUS /məˈtɪkjələs/

marked by precise accordance with details

From this reading These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

minepronounUS /maɪn/

the one or ones belonging to the person speaking

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

moronicadjective

having a mental age of between eight and twelve years

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

MUCKER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

nightsnounUS /naɪts/

Periods of darkness between sunset and sunrise.

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

nowadaysnounUS /ˈnaʊədeɪz/

the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading “Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

obviouslyadverbUS /ˈɑːbviəsli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

portionnounUS /ˈpɔːrʃən/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

POSEverbUS /poʊz/

introduce

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

poseursnounUS /ˈpoʊzərz/

plural of “poseur” — a person who habitually pretends to be something he is not

From this reading These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

positionsnounUS /pəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “position” — the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

problemnounUS /ˈprɑːbləm/

a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

professionnounUS /prəˈfeʃən/

the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

recentlyadverbUS /ˈriːsəntli/

in the recent past

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

returnsnounUS /rɪˈtɜːrnz/

plural of “return” — document giving the tax collector information about the taxpayer's tax liability

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

rotnounUS /rɑːt/

a state of decay usually accompanied by an offensive odor

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

scholarnounUS /ˈskɒl.ər/

A specialist in a particular branch of study; a distinguished student.

From this reading “Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading “Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

streetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading “Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”

stuffnounUS /stʌf/

the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

successiveadjectiveUS /səkˈsesɪv/

in regular succession without gaps

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading “Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

thoroughlyadverbUS /ˈθɜːroʊli/

in an exhaustive manner

From this reading These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

titlenounUS /ˈtaɪtəl/

a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

tryverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading “Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”

unculturedadjective

(of persons) lacking art or knowledge

From this reading “Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”

universitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading “Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”

verbaladjectiveUS /ˈvɜːrbəl/

communicated in the form of words

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The question which they put is one that I have been hesitatingly asking myself as I contrast that scene on successive returns from abroad with the one very obviously to be observed in this respect in France or England.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

WhynounUS /waɪ/

the cause or intention underlying an action or situation, especially in the phrase “the whys and wherefores”

From this reading “Why,” they ask, “is it that a gentleman in America nowadays seems afraid to appear as such; that even university men try to appear uncultured; and that the pose of a gentleman and a scholar is that of the man in the street?”

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE MUCKER POSE THE MUCKER POSE I This borrowed title expresses better than any I have been able to devise for myself a problem which has recently been put to me by several of my American friends, men who on account of both their profession and positions are familiar with the more cultured portion of the American scene.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading These writers, often meticulous in the artistry of their own work and thoroughly competent to criticize acutely and intelligently that of others, appeared afraid to do so lest they be considered as literary poseurs.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading A few nights ago another friend of mine, a literary editor of some importance in New York, complained in the course of the evening’s talk that the verbal criticism of many of the writers whom he knew had descended to the moronic classifications of “hot stuff,” “bully,” “rot,” and so on.

Chapter 9 of Our business civilization by James Truslow Adams holds 258 sentences, grouped into 52 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Our business civilization contain?

Chapter 9 holds 258 sentences of Our business civilization, unabridged, divided into 52 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Our business civilization by James Truslow Adams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 258 sentences, grouped into 52 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Our business civilization?

Work through the 52 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 52 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Is this the complete text of Our business civilization?

Yes. All 2933 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76007 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Our business civilization is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76007, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Our business civilization take to read?

About 244 minutes of reading across 587 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Our business civilization

Words and structures a reader meets early in Our business civilization, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our business civilization; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Displayed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our business civilization; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chapters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our business civilization; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Included
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our business civilization; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.