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Our business civilization
Our business civilization

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Our business civilization is here in full — 196 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
IS AMERICA YOUNG?
IS AMERICA YOUNG?
I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.
Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....
The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Our business civilization

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Our business civilization is here in full — 196 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
IS AMERICA YOUNG?
/ɪz əˈmerəkə jʌŋ/
Line 2
IS AMERICA YOUNG?
/ɪz əˈmerəkə jʌŋ/
Line 3
I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.
Line 4
Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....
Line 5
The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.”
/ðə ˈkɑːrpəntər huː bɪldz ə ɡʊd haʊs tuː dɪˈfend ʌs frʌm waɪnd ənd ˈweðər ɪz mɔːr ˈsɜːrvəsəbəl ðæn ðə ˈkjʊriəs ˈkɑːrvər huː emˈplɔɪz hɪz ɑːrt tuː pliːz ðə ˈfænsi/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

anonymous adjective US /əˈnɑːnəməs/

having no known name or identity or known source

From this reading “I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.”

builds noun US /bɪldz/

plural of “build” — constitution of the human body

From this reading “The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.””

Carpenter noun US /ˈkɑːrpəntər/

a woodworker who makes or repairs wooden objects

From this reading “The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.””

Carver noun US /ˈkɑːrvər/

United States botanist and agricultural chemist who developed many uses for peanuts and soy beans and sweet potatoes (1864-1943)

From this reading “The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.””

draws noun US /drɔːz/

plural of “draw” — a gully that is shallower than a ravine

From this reading “Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....”

employs noun US /emˈplɔɪz/

plural of “employ” — the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading “The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.””

oddly adverb US /ˈɑːdli/

in a manner differing from the usual or expected

From this reading “I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.”

serviceable adjective US /ˈsɜːrvəsəbəl/

ready for service or able to give long service

From this reading “Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1719

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.”

AMERICAnounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading IS AMERICA YOUNG?

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

anonymousadjectiveUS /əˈnɑːnəməs/

having no known name or identity or known source

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

Artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.”

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

buildsnounUS /bɪldz/

plural of “build” — constitution of the human body

From this reading The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.”

CarpenternounUS /ˈkɑːrpəntər/

a woodworker who makes or repairs wooden objects

From this reading The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.”

CarvernounUS /ˈkɑːrvər/

United States botanist and agricultural chemist who developed many uses for peanuts and soy beans and sweet potatoes (1864-1943)

From this reading The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.”

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.”

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

defendverbUS /dɪˈfend/

argue or speak in defense of

From this reading The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.”

doctrinenounUS /ˈdɑːktrən/

a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

drawsnounUS /drɔːz/

plural of “draw” — a gully that is shallower than a ravine

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

employsnounUS /emˈplɔɪz/

plural of “employ” — the state of being employed or having a job

From this reading The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.”

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

EyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

FancynounUS /ˈfænsi/

something many people believe that is false

From this reading The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.”

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.”

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.”

GrainnounUS /ɡreɪn/

a relatively small granular particle of a substance

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.”

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

ISauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading IS AMERICA YOUNG?

MankindnounUS /ˈmænˈkaɪnd/

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

Oakes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

oddlyadverbUS /ˈɑːdli/

in a manner differing from the usual or expected

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

PainternounUS /ˈpeɪntər/

an artist who paints

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

PinesnounUS /paɪnz/

plural of “pine” — a coniferous tree

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

pleaseverbUS /pliːz/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

Plow-Man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

raiseth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

serviceableadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrvəsəbəl/

ready for service or able to give long service

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

signedadjectiveUS /saɪnd/

having a handwritten signature

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

SpeakingnounUS /ˈspiːkɪŋ/

the utterance of intelligible speech

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Speaking for his day, he said, “The Plow-Man that raiseth Grain is more serviceable to Mankind than the Painter who draws only to please the Eye....

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.”

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

WeathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.”

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

WindnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading The Carpenter who builds a good house to defend us from Wind and Weather is more serviceable than the curious Carver, who employs his Art to please the Fancy.”

YOUNGadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading IS AMERICA YOUNG?

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading I In 1719 an anonymous New England author who signed himself, rather oddly, “your friend among the Oakes and Pines,” gave voice to the doctrine that America was young.

Chapter 11 of Our business civilization by James Truslow Adams holds 196 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Our business civilization contain?

Chapter 11 holds 196 sentences of Our business civilization, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Our business civilization by James Truslow Adams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 196 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Our business civilization?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Our business civilization

Common questions about reading Our business civilization by James Truslow Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Our business civilization?

Yes. All 2933 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #76007 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Our business civilization is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #76007, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Our business civilization take to read?

About 244 minutes of reading across 587 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Our business civilization section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of Our business civilization to begin.

  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Our business civilization

Words and structures a reader meets early in Our business civilization, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our business civilization; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Displayed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our business civilization; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Chapters
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our business civilization; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Included
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our business civilization; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.