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Our Feathered Friends
Our Feathered Friends

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Our Feathered Friends is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Our Feathered Friends
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HOW BABY BIRDS ARE FED.
Some of the baby birds are nurslings, like the lambs and colts.
They are dependent upon what the parent birds first eat and digest.
Others eat just what the old birds do from the start.
Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Our Feathered Friends

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Our Feathered Friends is here in full — 65 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW BABY BIRDS ARE FED.
Line 2
Some of the baby birds are nurslings, like the lambs and colts.
Line 3
They are dependent upon what the parent birds first eat and digest.
/ðeɪ ɑːr dɪˈpendənt əˈpɑːn wʌt ðə ˈperənt bɜːrdz fɜːrst iːt ənd daɪˈdʒest/
Line 4
Others eat just what the old birds do from the start.
Line 5
Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.
/ˈoʊnli juː wɪl ˈnoʊtəs ðæt ðə ˈmʌðər bɜːrd paʊndz ənd ˈbruːzəz ðə fuːd ʃiː ɡɪvz tuː hɜːr jʌŋ ˈtæpɪŋ ɪt ɑːn ðə edʒ ʌv ðə nest ɔːr ɑːn ə twɪɡ ɔːr ðə ɡraʊnd ənˈtɪl ɪt ɪz sɑːft ɪˈnʌf fɔːr ðə bɜːrdz tuː ˈswɑːloʊ wɪˈθaʊt ˈdeɪndʒər ʌv ˈskrætʃɪŋ ðer ˈtendər θroʊts/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bruises noun US /ˈbruːzəz/

plural of “bruise” — an injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discoloration

From this reading “Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.”

colts noun US /koʊlts/

plural of “colt” — a young male horse under the age of four

From this reading “Some of the baby birds are nurslings, like the lambs and colts.”

digest verb US /daɪˈdʒest/

convert food into absorbable substances

From this reading “They are dependent upon what the parent birds first eat and digest.”

lambs noun US /læmz/

plural of “lamb” — young sheep

From this reading “Some of the baby birds are nurslings, like the lambs and colts.”

scratching noun US /ˈskrætʃɪŋ/

a harsh noise made by scraping

From this reading “Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.”

tapping noun US /ˈtæpɪŋ/

the sound of light blow or knock

From this reading “Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.”

throats noun US /θroʊts/

plural of “throat” — the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone

From this reading “Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.”

twig verb US /twɪɡ/

branch out in a twiglike manner

From this reading “Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

on the edge preposition + article + noun counted as “on … edge”

In this reading “Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.”

without danger preposition + noun

In this reading “Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Some of the baby birds are nurslings, like the lambs and colts.

AREauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading HOW BABY BIRDS ARE FED.

BABYnounUS /ˈbeɪbi/

a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading HOW BABY BIRDS ARE FED.

birdnounUS /bɜːrd/

warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

BIRDSnounUS /bɜːrdz/

plural of “bird” — warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading HOW BABY BIRDS ARE FED.

bruisesnounUS /ˈbruːzəz/

plural of “bruise” — an injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discoloration

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

coltsnounUS /koʊlts/

plural of “colt” — a young male horse under the age of four

From this reading Some of the baby birds are nurslings, like the lambs and colts.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

dependentadjectiveUS /dɪˈpendənt/

relying on or requiring a person or thing for support, supply, or what is needed

From this reading They are dependent upon what the parent birds first eat and digest.

digestverbUS /daɪˈdʒest/

convert food into absorbable substances

From this reading They are dependent upon what the parent birds first eat and digest.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Others eat just what the old birds do from the start.

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading They are dependent upon what the parent birds first eat and digest.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

FEDnounUS /fed/

any federal law-enforcement officer

From this reading HOW BABY BIRDS ARE FED.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading They are dependent upon what the parent birds first eat and digest.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Others eat just what the old birds do from the start.

givesnounUS /ɡɪvz/

plural of “give” — the elasticity of something that can be stretched and returns to its original length

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW BABY BIRDS ARE FED.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Others eat just what the old birds do from the start.

lambsnounUS /læmz/

plural of “lamb” — young sheep

From this reading Some of the baby birds are nurslings, like the lambs and colts.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Some of the baby birds are nurslings, like the lambs and colts.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

nestnounUS /nest/

a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

nurslings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some of the baby birds are nurslings, like the lambs and colts.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Some of the baby birds are nurslings, like the lambs and colts.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Others eat just what the old birds do from the start.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

OnlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

Others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Others eat just what the old birds do from the start.

parentnounUS /ˈperənt/

a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading They are dependent upon what the parent birds first eat and digest.

poundsnounUS /paʊndz/

plural of “pound” — 16 ounces avoirdupois

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

scratchingnounUS /ˈskrætʃɪŋ/

a harsh noise made by scraping

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

softadjectiveUS /sɑːft/

yielding readily to pressure or weight

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some of the baby birds are nurslings, like the lambs and colts.

startverbUS /stɑːrt/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Others eat just what the old birds do from the start.

swallowverbUS /ˈswɑːloʊ/

pass through the esophagus as part of eating or drinking

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

tappingnounUS /ˈtæpɪŋ/

the sound of light blow or knock

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

tenderadjectiveUS /ˈtendər/

given to sympathy or gentleness or sentimentality

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Some of the baby birds are nurslings, like the lambs and colts.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are dependent upon what the parent birds first eat and digest.

throatsnounUS /θroʊts/

plural of “throat” — the passage to the stomach and lungs; in the front part of the neck below the chin and above the collarbone

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

twigverbUS /twɪɡ/

branch out in a twiglike manner

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading They are dependent upon what the parent birds first eat and digest.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading They are dependent upon what the parent birds first eat and digest.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Only you will notice that the mother bird pounds and bruises the food she gives to her young, tapping it on the edge of the nest or on a twig or the ground until it is soft enough for the birds to swallow without danger of scratching their tender throats.

Chapter 8 of Our Feathered Friends by Elizabeth Grinnell holds 65 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Our Feathered Friends contain?

Chapter 8 holds 65 sentences of Our Feathered Friends, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Our Feathered Friends by Elizabeth Grinnell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 65 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Our Feathered Friends?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Our Feathered Friends

Common questions about reading Our Feathered Friends by Elizabeth Grinnell on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Our Feathered Friends?

Yes. All 1879 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #64517 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Our Feathered Friends is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #64517, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Our Feathered Friends take to read?

About 156 minutes of reading across 376 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Our Feathered Friends section by section

How to work through Our Feathered Friends section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of Our Feathered Friends to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Our Feathered Friends

Words and structures a reader meets early in Our Feathered Friends, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Boston
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Feathered Friends; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Heath
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Feathered Friends; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Typography
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Feathered Friends; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cushing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Feathered Friends; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.