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Our Humble Helpers
Our Humble Helpers

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Our Humble Helpers is here in full — 88 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/17 · 5 lines
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A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.
“‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....
“‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.
This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.
On the contrary, when the land is richly covered with food, or the trees abundantly hung with mast, they fly low, in order to discover the part most plentifully supplied....
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Our Humble Helpers

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Our Humble Helpers is here in full — 88 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/17 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.
Line 2
“‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....
/ðə ˈpæsəndʒər ˈpɪdʒən ɔːr æz ɪt ɪz ˈjuːʒəwəli neɪmd ɪn əˈmerəkə ðə waɪld ˈpɪdʒən muːvz wɪð ekˈstriːm rəˈpɪdəti prəˈpelɪŋ ˌɪtˈself baɪ ˈkwɪkli rɪˈpiːtɪd flæps ʌv ðə wɪŋ wɪtʃ ɪt brɪŋz mɔːr ɔːr les nɪr ðə ˈbɑːdi əˈkɔːrdɪŋ tuː ðə dɪˈɡriː ʌv vəˈlɑːsəti wɪtʃ ɪz riˈkwaɪərd/
Line 3
“‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.
/ðɪs ɡreɪt ˈpaʊər ʌv flaɪt ɪz ˈsekəndɪd baɪ æz ɡreɪt ə ˈpaʊər ʌv ˈvɪʒən wɪtʃ eˈneɪbəlz ðem æz ðeɪ ˈtrævəl æt ðæt swɪft reɪt tuː ˌɪnˈspekt ðə ˈkʌntri bɪˈloʊ dɪˈskʌvər ðer fuːd wɪð fəˈsɪlɪti ənd ðʌs əbˈteɪn ðə ˈɑːbdʒekt fɔːr wɪtʃ ðer ˈdʒɜːrni hæz bɪn ˈʌndərteɪkən/
Line 4
This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.
/ðɪs aɪ hæv ˈɔːlsoʊ pruːvd tuː biː ðə keɪs baɪ ˈhævɪŋ əbˈzɜːrvd ðem wen ˈpæsɪŋ ˈoʊvər ə ˈsterəl pɑːrt ʌv ðə ˈkʌntri ɔːr wʌn ˈskæntəli ˈfɜːrnɪʃt wɪð fuːd ˈsuːtɪd tuː ðem kiːp haɪ ɪn ðə er ˈflaɪɪŋ wɪð æn ɪkˈstendəd frʌnt soʊ æz tuː eˈneɪbəl ðem tuː sərˈveɪ ˈhʌndrədz ʌv ˈeɪkərz æt wʌns/
Line 5
On the contrary, when the land is richly covered with food, or the trees abundantly hung with mast, they fly low, in order to discover the part most plentifully supplied....

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abundantly adverb US /əˈbʌndəntli/

in an abundant manner

From this reading “On the contrary, when the land is richly covered with food, or the trees abundantly hung with mast, they fly low, in order to discover the part most plentifully supplied....”

audubon noun US /ˈɔːdəbɑːn/

United States ornithologist and artist (born in Haiti) noted for his paintings of birds of America (1785-1851)

From this reading “A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.”

enables verb US /eˈneɪbəlz/

third-person singular of “enable” — render capable or able for some task

From this reading ““‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.”

flaps noun US /flæps/

a movable airfoil that is part of an aircraft wing; used to increase lift or drag

From this reading ““‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....”

propelling adjective US /prəˈpelɪŋ/

tending to or capable of propelling

From this reading ““‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....”

scantily adverb US /ˈskæntəli/

in a skimpy manner

From this reading “This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.”

seconded verb US /ˈsekəndɪd/

past form of “second” — give support or one's approval to

From this reading ““‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.”

sterile adjective US /ˈsterəl/

incapable of reproducing

From this reading “This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

native land adjective + noun

the country where you were born

In this reading “A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.”

wild pigeon adjective + noun

In this reading ““‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....”

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “On the contrary, when the land is richly covered with food, or the trees abundantly hung with mast, they fly low, in order to discover the part most plentifully supplied....”

great forests adjective + noun counted as “great forest”

In this reading “A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.”

great power adjective + noun

a state powerful enough to influence events throughout the world

In this reading ““‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.”

in the air preposition + article + noun counted as “in … air”

on everybody's mind

In this reading “This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.”

All words in this reading · 136

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

abundantlyadverbUS /əˈbʌndəntli/

in an abundant manner

From this reading On the contrary, when the land is richly covered with food, or the trees abundantly hung with mast, they fly low, in order to discover the part most plentifully supplied....

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

acresnounUS /ˈeɪkərz/

extensive landed property (especially in the country) retained by the owner for his own use

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

AUDUBONnounUS /ˈɔːdəbɑːn/

United States ornithologist and artist (born in Haiti) noted for his paintings of birds of America (1785-1851)

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

bringsverbUS /brɪŋz/

third-person singular of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

celebratedadjectiveUS /ˈseləbreɪtɪd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

contraryadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːntreri/

very opposed in nature or character or purpose

From this reading On the contrary, when the land is richly covered with food, or the trees abundantly hung with mast, they fly low, in order to discover the part most plentifully supplied....

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading On the contrary, when the land is richly covered with food, or the trees abundantly hung with mast, they fly low, in order to discover the part most plentifully supplied....

degreenounUS /dɪˈɡriː/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

describingverbUS /dɪˈskraɪbɪŋ/

-ing form of “describe” — give a description of

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

discoververbUS /dɪˈskʌvər/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

enableverbUS /eˈneɪbəl/

render capable or able for some task

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

enablesverbUS /eˈneɪbəlz/

third-person singular of “enable” — render capable or able for some task

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

facilitynounUS /fəˈsɪlɪti/

a building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particular industry

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

flapsnounUS /flæps/

a movable airfoil that is part of an aircraft wing; used to increase lift or drag

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

flightnounUS /flaɪt/

a formation of aircraft in flight

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

flyverbUS /flaɪ/

travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading On the contrary, when the land is richly covered with food, or the trees abundantly hung with mast, they fly low, in order to discover the part most plentifully supplied....

flyingadjectiveUS /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

moving swiftly

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

foodnounUS /fuːd/

any substance that can be metabolized by an animal to give energy and build tissue

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

forestsnounUS /ˈfɔːrəsts/

plural of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

FROMprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

furnishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrnɪʃt/

provided with whatever is necessary for a purpose (as furniture or equipment or authority)

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

hundredsnounUS /ˈhʌndrədz/

plural of “hundred” — ten 10s

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

hungverbUS /hʌŋ/

inflected form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading On the contrary, when the land is richly covered with food, or the trees abundantly hung with mast, they fly low, in order to discover the part most plentifully supplied....

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

inspectverbUS /ˌɪnˈspekt/

look over carefully

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

journeyverbUS /ˈdʒɜːrni/

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading On the contrary, when the land is richly covered with food, or the trees abundantly hung with mast, they fly low, in order to discover the part most plentifully supplied....

mastnounUS /mæst/

a vertical spar for supporting sails

From this reading On the contrary, when the land is richly covered with food, or the trees abundantly hung with mast, they fly low, in order to discover the part most plentifully supplied....

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading On the contrary, when the land is richly covered with food, or the trees abundantly hung with mast, they fly low, in order to discover the part most plentifully supplied....

movesnounUS /muːvz/

plural of “move” — the act of deciding to do something

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

namedverbUS /neɪmd/

past form of “name” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

nativeadjectiveUS /ˈneɪtɪv/

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

obtainverbUS /əbˈteɪn/

come into possession of

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading On the contrary, when the land is richly covered with food, or the trees abundantly hung with mast, they fly low, in order to discover the part most plentifully supplied....

ornithologistnoun

a zoologist who studies birds

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

passengernounUS /ˈpæsəndʒər/

a traveler riding in a vehicle (a boat or bus or car or plane or train etc) who is not operating it

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

pigeonnounUS /ˈpɪdʒən/

wild and domesticated birds having a heavy body and short legs

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

plentifullyadverb

in a bountiful manner

From this reading On the contrary, when the land is richly covered with food, or the trees abundantly hung with mast, they fly low, in order to discover the part most plentifully supplied....

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

propellingadjectiveUS /prəˈpelɪŋ/

tending to or capable of propelling

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

quotedverbUS /ˈkwoʊtɪd/

past form of “quote” — repeat a passage from

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

rapiditynounUS /rəˈpɪdəti/

a rate that is rapid

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

ratenounUS /reɪt/

a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

repeatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈpiːtɪd/

recurring again and again

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

richlyadverbUS /ˈrɪtʃli/

to an ample degree or in an ample manner

From this reading On the contrary, when the land is richly covered with food, or the trees abundantly hung with mast, they fly low, in order to discover the part most plentifully supplied....

scantilyadverbUS /ˈskæntəli/

in a skimpy manner

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

secondedverbUS /ˈsekəndɪd/

past form of “second” — give support or one's approval to

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

sterileadjectiveUS /ˈsterəl/

incapable of reproducing

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

STORYnounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

suitedadjectiveUS /ˈsuːtɪd/

meant or adapted for an occasion or use

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

suppliedverbUS /səˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “supply” — give something useful or necessary to

From this reading On the contrary, when the land is richly covered with food, or the trees abundantly hung with mast, they fly low, in order to discover the part most plentifully supplied....

surveynounUS /sərˈveɪ/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

swiftadjectiveUS /swɪft/

moving very fast

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

travelverbUS /ˈtrævəl/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading On the contrary, when the land is richly covered with food, or the trees abundantly hung with mast, they fly low, in order to discover the part most plentifully supplied....

turkeynounUS /ˈtɜːrki/

large gallinaceous bird with fan-shaped tail; widely domesticated for food

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

undertakenverbUS /ˈʌndərteɪkən/

inflected form of “undertake” — enter upon an activity or enterprise

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

usuallyadverbUS /ˈjuːʒəwəli/

under normal conditions

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

velocitynounUS /vəˈlɑːsəti/

distance travelled per unit time

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

visionnounUS /ˈvɪʒən/

a vivid mental image

From this reading “‘This great power of flight is seconded by as great a power of vision, which enables them, as they travel at that swift rate, to inspect the country below, discover their food with facility, and thus obtain the object for which their journey has been undertaken.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading This I have also proved to be the case, by having observed them, when passing over a sterile part of the country, or one scantily furnished with food suited to them, keep high in the air, flying with an extended front, so as to enable them to survey hundreds of acres at once.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

wingnounUS /wɪŋ/

a movable organ for flying (one of a pair)

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading “‘The passenger pigeon, or, as it is usually named in America, the wild pigeon, moves with extreme rapidity, propelling itself by quickly repeated flaps of the wing, which it brings more or less near the body, according to the degree of velocity which is required....

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading A STORY FROM AUDUBON [4] “Here is what we are told on this subject by the celebrated ornithologist, Audubon, whom I have already quoted in describing to you the habits of the turkey as it is found in its free state in the great forests of its native land.

Chapter 16 of Our Humble Helpers by Jean-Henri Fabre holds 88 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Our Humble Helpers

Words and structures a reader meets early in Our Humble Helpers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Our Humble Helpers, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Our Humble Helpers, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Our Humble Helpers, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.