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Our Little Finnish Cousin
Our Little Finnish Cousin

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Our Little Finnish Cousin is here in full — 181 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Our Little Finnish Cousin
Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.
How dirty and muddy it was everywhere!
Instead of skis, the children had to wade to school in well greased boots.
New kinds of festivities took the place of the old.
At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Our Little Finnish Cousin

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Our Little Finnish Cousin is here in full — 181 sentences across 37 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.
/ˈsʌmər taɪm ɪn ˈeɪprəl ðə ˈmeltɪŋ snoʊ ənd aɪs ʃoʊd ðæt sprɪŋ wɑːz ɑːn ðə weɪ/
Line 2
How dirty and muddy it was everywhere!
Line 3
Instead of skis, the children had to wade to school in well greased boots.
/ˌɪnˈsted ʌv skiːz ðə ˈtʃɪldrən hæd tuː weɪd tuː skuːl ɪn wel ɡriːst buːts/
Line 4
New kinds of festivities took the place of the old.
/nuː kaɪndz ʌv feˈstɪvətiz tʊk ðə pleɪs ʌv ðə oʊld/
Line 5
At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Easter noun US /ˈiːstər/

a Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox

From this reading “At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.”

feasted verb US /ˈfiːstɪd/

past form of “feast” — partake in a feast or banquet

From this reading “At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.”

festivities noun US /feˈstɪvətiz/

plural of “festivity” — any joyous diversion

From this reading “New kinds of festivities took the place of the old.”

greased adjective US /ɡriːst/

smeared with oil or grease to reduce friction

From this reading “Instead of skis, the children had to wade to school in well greased boots.”

malt verb US /mɔːlt/

treat with malt or malt extract

From this reading “At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.”

melting noun US /ˈmeltɪŋ/

the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid

From this reading “SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.”

skis noun US /skiːz/

plural of “ski” — narrow wood or metal or plastic runners used in pairs for gliding over snow

From this reading “Instead of skis, the children had to wade to school in well greased boots.”

sweetened adjective US /ˈswiːtənd/

with sweetening added

From this reading “At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

melting snow noun + noun

In this reading “SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.

AprilnounUS /ˈeɪprəl/

the month following March and preceding May

From this reading SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

boiledadjectiveUS /bɔɪld/

cooked in hot water

From this reading At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

bootsnounUS /buːts/

plural of “boot” — footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg

From this reading Instead of skis, the children had to wade to school in well greased boots.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Instead of skis, the children had to wade to school in well greased boots.

creamnounUS /kriːm/

the best people or things in a group

From this reading At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

dirtyadjectiveUS /ˈdɜːrti/

soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime

From this reading How dirty and muddy it was everywhere!

dishnounUS /dɪʃ/

a piece of dishware normally used as a container for holding or serving food

From this reading At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

EasternounUS /ˈiːstər/

a Christian celebration of the Resurrection of Christ; celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon after the vernal equinox

From this reading At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

eatenverbUS /ˈiːtən/

inflected form of “eat” — take in solid food

From this reading At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

eggsnounUS /eɡz/

oval reproductive body of a fowl (especially a hen) used as food

From this reading At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

everywhereadverbUS /ˈevriwer/

to or in any or all places

From this reading How dirty and muddy it was everywhere!

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

feastedverbUS /ˈfiːstɪd/

past form of “feast” — partake in a feast or banquet

From this reading At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

festivitiesnounUS /feˈstɪvətiz/

plural of “festivity” — any joyous diversion

From this reading New kinds of festivities took the place of the old.

greasedadjectiveUS /ɡriːst/

smeared with oil or grease to reduce friction

From this reading Instead of skis, the children had to wade to school in well greased boots.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Instead of skis, the children had to wade to school in well greased boots.

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How dirty and muddy it was everywhere!

icenounUS /aɪs/

water frozen in the solid state

From this reading SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.

InsteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading Instead of skis, the children had to wade to school in well greased boots.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading How dirty and muddy it was everywhere!

kindsnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading New kinds of festivities took the place of the old.

maltverbUS /mɔːlt/

treat with malt or malt extract

From this reading At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

meltingnounUS /ˈmeltɪŋ/

the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid

From this reading SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.

memma

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

muddyadjectiveUS /ˈmʌdi/

(of soil) soft and watery

From this reading How dirty and muddy it was everywhere!

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading New kinds of festivities took the place of the old.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Instead of skis, the children had to wade to school in well greased boots.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading New kinds of festivities took the place of the old.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.

paintedadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading New kinds of festivities took the place of the old.

schoolnounUS /skuːl/

an educational institution

From this reading Instead of skis, the children had to wade to school in well greased boots.

showedverbUS /ʃoʊd/

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.

skisnounUS /skiːz/

plural of “ski” — narrow wood or metal or plastic runners used in pairs for gliding over snow

From this reading Instead of skis, the children had to wade to school in well greased boots.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.

sugarnounUS /ˈʃʊɡər/

a white crystalline carbohydrate used as a sweetener and preservative

From this reading At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

SUMMERnounUS /ˈsʌmər/

the warmest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the summer solstice to the autumnal equinox

From this reading SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.

sweetenedadjectiveUS /ˈswiːtənd/

with sweetening added

From this reading At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.

TIMEnounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Instead of skis, the children had to wade to school in well greased boots.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading New kinds of festivities took the place of the old.

wadeverbUS /weɪd/

walk (through relatively shallow water)

From this reading Instead of skis, the children had to wade to school in well greased boots.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading SUMMER TIME IN April the melting snow and ice showed that spring was on the way.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Instead of skis, the children had to wade to school in well greased boots.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading At Easter time eggs were painted and the family feasted on _memma_, a dish of boiled sweetened malt, eaten with cream and sugar.

Chapter 8 of Our Little Finnish Cousin by Clara Vostrovsky Winlow holds 181 sentences, grouped into 37 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Our Little Finnish Cousin contain?

Chapter 8 holds 181 sentences of Our Little Finnish Cousin, unabridged, divided into 37 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Our Little Finnish Cousin by Clara Vostrovsky Winlow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 181 sentences, grouped into 37 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Our Little Finnish Cousin?

Work through the 37 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 37 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Our Little Finnish Cousin

Common questions about reading Our Little Finnish Cousin by Clara Vostrovsky Winlow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Our Little Finnish Cousin?

Yes. All 966 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43426 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Our Little Finnish Cousin is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43426, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Our Little Finnish Cousin take to read?

About 80 minutes of reading across 194 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Our Little Finnish Cousin section by section

How to work through Our Little Finnish Cousin section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 8 chapters of Our Little Finnish Cousin to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Our Little Finnish Cousin

Words and structures a reader meets early in Our Little Finnish Cousin, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Cloth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Little Finnish Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Decorative
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Little Finnish Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Illustrated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Little Finnish Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Laura
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Little Finnish Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.