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Our Little Polish Cousin
Our Little Polish Cousin

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Our Little Polish Cousin is here in full — 115 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.
The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.
Child life in upper circles is quite a thing apart from the lives of the grown-ups.
Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.
Mrs. Ostrowska never breakfasted with her children.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Our Little Polish Cousin

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of Our Little Polish Cousin is here in full — 115 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.
Line 2
The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.
Line 3
Child life in upper circles is quite a thing apart from the lives of the grown-ups.
Line 4
Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.
Line 5
Mrs. Ostrowska never breakfasted with her children.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

devolve verb US /dɪˈvɑːlv/

pass on or delegate to another

From this reading “Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.”

guidance noun US /ˈɡaɪdəns/

something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action

From this reading “The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.”

housekeepers noun US /ˈhaʊskiːpərz/

plural of “housekeeper” — a servant who is employed to perform domestic task in a household

From this reading “Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.”

languages noun US /ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz/

plural of “language” — a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading “Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.”

pertain verb US /pərˈteɪn/

be relevant to

From this reading “Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.”

Poland noun US /ˈpoʊlənd/

a republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II

From this reading “The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.”

routine noun US /ruːˈtiːn/

an unvarying or habitual method or procedure

From this reading “THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.”

versed noun US /vɜːrst/

an injectable form of benzodiazepine (trade name Versed) useful for sedation and for reducing pain during uncomfortable medical procedures

From this reading “Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

daily routine noun + noun

In this reading “THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.”

widely different adverb + adjective

In this reading “Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.”

receiving instruction verb + noun counted as “receive instruction”

In this reading “Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.”

wealthy family adjective + noun

In this reading “The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.”

took up verb + adjective counted as “take up”

pursue or resume

In this reading “THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

apartadverbUS /əˈpɑːrt/

separated or at a distance in place or position or time

From this reading Child life in upper circles is quite a thing apart from the lives of the grown-ups.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

boysnounUS /bɔɪz/

plural of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

breakfasted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mrs. Ostrowska never breakfasted with her children.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Mrs. Ostrowska never breakfasted with her children.

circlesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəlz/

plural of “circle” — ellipse in which the two axes are of equal length; a plane curve generated by one point moving at a constant distance from a fixed point

From this reading Child life in upper circles is quite a thing apart from the lives of the grown-ups.

COTTAGEnounUS /ˈkɑːtədʒ/

a small house with a single story

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

courteousadjectiveUS /ˈkɜːrtiəs/

exhibiting courtesy and politeness

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

DAYnounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

departedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpɑːrtɪd/

well in the past; former

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

devolveverbUS /dɪˈvɑːlv/

pass on or delegate to another

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

estatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Child life in upper circles is quite a thing apart from the lives of the grown-ups.

GAILYadverbUS /ˈɡeɪli/

in a gay manner

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

governessnounUS /ˈɡʌvərnəs/

a woman entrusted with the care and supervision of a child (especially in a private home)

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

grown-ups

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Child life in upper circles is quite a thing apart from the lives of the grown-ups.

guestsnounUS /ɡests/

plural of “guest” — a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

guidancenounUS /ˈɡaɪdəns/

something that provides direction or advice as to a decision or course of action

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

housekeepersnounUS /ˈhaʊskiːpərz/

plural of “housekeeper” — a servant who is employed to perform domestic task in a household

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

instructionnounUS /ˌɪnˈstrʌkʃən/

a message describing how something is to be done

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Child life in upper circles is quite a thing apart from the lives of the grown-ups.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

languagesnounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒəz/

plural of “language” — a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Child life in upper circles is quite a thing apart from the lives of the grown-ups.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Child life in upper circles is quite a thing apart from the lives of the grown-ups.

manlyadjectiveUS /ˈmænli/

possessing qualities befitting a man

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

Marya

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading Mrs. Ostrowska never breakfasted with her children.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Mrs. Ostrowska never breakfasted with her children.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

Ostrowska

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mrs. Ostrowska never breakfasted with her children.

Ostrowski

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

PAINTEDadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪntɪd/

coated with paint

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

pertainverbUS /pərˈteɪn/

be relevant to

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

PeternounUS /ˈpiːtər/

disciple of Jesus and leader of the Apostles; regarded by Catholics as the vicar of Christ on earth and first Pope

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

PolandnounUS /ˈpoʊlənd/

a republic in central Europe; the invasion of Poland by Germany in 1939 started World War II

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Child life in upper circles is quite a thing apart from the lives of the grown-ups.

receivingverbUS /rəˈsiːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “receive” — get something; come into possession of

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

resumedverbUS /rɪˈzuːmd/

past form of “resume” — take up or begin anew

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

routinenounUS /ruːˈtiːn/

an unvarying or habitual method or procedure

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

shouldersnounUS /ˈʃoʊldərz/

plural of “shoulder” — the part of the body between the neck and the upper arm

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

studiesnounUS /ˈstʌdiz/

plural of “study” — a detailed critical inspection

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Child life in upper circles is quite a thing apart from the lives of the grown-ups.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

TOparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

tutorverbUS /ˈtuːtər/

be a tutor to someone; give individual instruction

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

tutoress

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

upperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading Child life in upper circles is quite a thing apart from the lives of the grown-ups.

versednounUS /vɜːrst/

an injectable form of benzodiazepine (trade name Versed) useful for sedation and for reducing pain during uncomfortable medical procedures

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

VISITverbUS /ˈvɪzɪt/

go to see a place, as for entertainment

From this reading THE VISIT TO THE GAILY PAINTED COTTAGE A DAY or two later, the guests departed, and the Ostrowski family took up its daily routine.

wealthyadjectiveUS /ˈwelθi/

having an abundant supply of money or possessions of value

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The boy Peter resumed his studies under the care and instruction of his tutor, while the little Marya returned to the guidance of her governess, for each child in a wealthy family in Poland has his or her own tutor or tutoress.

widelyadverbUS /ˈwaɪdli/

to a great degree

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Mrs. Ostrowska never breakfasted with her children.

womanlyadjective

befitting or characteristic of a woman especially a mature woman

From this reading Their hours are widely different; they dress simply and live simply, receiving instruction in the arts and languages; the girls to be fine housekeepers and womanly; the boys to be courteous, manly and well versed in those matters which pertain to the care and interest of the estate which is later to devolve upon their shoulders.

Chapter 5 of Our Little Polish Cousin by Florence Emma Voigt Mendel holds 115 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Our Little Polish Cousin contain?

Chapter 5 holds 115 sentences of Our Little Polish Cousin, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Our Little Polish Cousin by Florence Emma Voigt Mendel exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 115 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Our Little Polish Cousin?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Our Little Polish Cousin

Common questions about reading Our Little Polish Cousin by Florence Emma Voigt Mendel on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Our Little Polish Cousin?

Yes. All 1177 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43513 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Our Little Polish Cousin is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43513, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Our Little Polish Cousin take to read?

About 98 minutes of reading across 236 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Our Little Polish Cousin section by section

How to work through Our Little Polish Cousin section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Our Little Polish Cousin to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Our Little Polish Cousin

Words and structures a reader meets early in Our Little Polish Cousin, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Little Polish Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Illustrated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Little Polish Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Full-page
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Little Polish Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Plates
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Little Polish Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.