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Our Little Polish Cousin
Our Little Polish Cousin

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Our Little Polish Cousin is here in full — 217 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Our Little Polish Cousin
Context Illustration Reading 1/43 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE HARVEST FESTIVAL AND now our vacation is about ended.
The year is drawing to a close.
Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.
The peasants have finished their year's work out-of-doors.
They have served their master's interests well; all that remains is his inspection to see that all is satisfactory, and his approval that they earned their wages.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Our Little Polish Cousin

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Our Little Polish Cousin is here in full — 217 sentences across 44 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/43 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE HARVEST FESTIVAL AND now our vacation is about ended.
/ðə ˈhɑːrvəst ˈfestəvəl ənd naʊ ˈaʊər veɪˈkeɪʃən ɪz əˈbaʊt ˈendəd/
Line 2
The year is drawing to a close.
/ðə jɪr ɪz ˈdrɔːɪŋ tuː ə kloʊs/
Line 3
Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.
/ˈhɑːrvəst taɪm hæz ərˈaɪvd ðə krɑːps ɑːr stækt ʌp ɪn ðə fiːldz tuː biː ˈɡɑːrnərd ɪn/
Line 4
The peasants have finished their year's work out-of-doors.
Line 5
They have served their master's interests well; all that remains is his inspection to see that all is satisfactory, and his approval that they earned their wages.
/ðeɪ hæv sɜːrvd ðer ˈmæstərz ˈɪntrəsts wel ɔːl ðæt rɪˈmeɪnz ɪz hɪz ˌɪnˈspekʃən tuː siː ðæt ɔːl ɪz ˌsætəˈsfæktri ənd hɪz əˈpruːvəl ðæt ðeɪ ɜːrnd ðer ˈweɪdʒəz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crops noun US /krɑːps/

plural of “crop” — the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading “Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.”

festival noun US /ˈfestəvəl/

a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration

From this reading “THE HARVEST FESTIVAL AND now our vacation is about ended.”

garnered verb US /ˈɡɑːrnərd/

past form of “garner” — acquire or deserve by one's efforts or actions

From this reading “Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.”

harvest noun US /ˈhɑːrvəst/

the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading “THE HARVEST FESTIVAL AND now our vacation is about ended.”

peasants noun US /ˈpezənts/

plural of “peasant” — a country person

From this reading “The peasants have finished their year's work out-of-doors.”

stacked adjective US /stækt/

arranged in a stack

From this reading “Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.”

vacation noun US /veɪˈkeɪʃən/

leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading “THE HARVEST FESTIVAL AND now our vacation is about ended.”

year's noun US /jɪrz/

possessive form of “year” — a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading “The peasants have finished their year's work out-of-doors.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Harvest time noun + noun

the season for gathering crops

In this reading “Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.”

in the fields preposition + article + noun counted as “in … fields”

In this reading “Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.”

All words in this reading · 48

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The year is drawing to a close.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading THE HARVEST FESTIVAL AND now our vacation is about ended.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading They have served their master's interests well; all that remains is his inspection to see that all is satisfactory, and his approval that they earned their wages.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE HARVEST FESTIVAL AND now our vacation is about ended.

approvalnounUS /əˈpruːvəl/

the formal act of approving

From this reading They have served their master's interests well; all that remains is his inspection to see that all is satisfactory, and his approval that they earned their wages.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading The year is drawing to a close.

cropsnounUS /krɑːps/

plural of “crop” — the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.

drawingnounUS /ˈdrɔːɪŋ/

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading The year is drawing to a close.

earnedadjectiveUS /ɜːrnd/

gained or acquired; especially through merit or as a result of effort or action

From this reading They have served their master's interests well; all that remains is his inspection to see that all is satisfactory, and his approval that they earned their wages.

endedadjectiveUS /ˈendəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading THE HARVEST FESTIVAL AND now our vacation is about ended.

FESTIVALnounUS /ˈfestəvəl/

a day or period of time set aside for feasting and celebration

From this reading THE HARVEST FESTIVAL AND now our vacation is about ended.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.

finishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɪnɪʃt/

(of materials or goods) brought to the desired final state

From this reading The peasants have finished their year's work out-of-doors.

garneredverbUS /ˈɡɑːrnərd/

past form of “garner” — acquire or deserve by one's efforts or actions

From this reading Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.

HARVESTnounUS /ˈhɑːrvəst/

the yield from plants in a single growing season

From this reading THE HARVEST FESTIVAL AND now our vacation is about ended.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The peasants have finished their year's work out-of-doors.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading They have served their master's interests well; all that remains is his inspection to see that all is satisfactory, and his approval that they earned their wages.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.

inspectionnounUS /ˌɪnˈspekʃən/

a formal or official examination

From this reading They have served their master's interests well; all that remains is his inspection to see that all is satisfactory, and his approval that they earned their wages.

interestsnounUS /ˈɪntrəsts/

plural of “interest” — a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading They have served their master's interests well; all that remains is his inspection to see that all is satisfactory, and his approval that they earned their wages.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE HARVEST FESTIVAL AND now our vacation is about ended.

master'snounUS /ˈmæstərz/

possessive form of “master” — an artist of consummate skill

From this reading They have served their master's interests well; all that remains is his inspection to see that all is satisfactory, and his approval that they earned their wages.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading THE HARVEST FESTIVAL AND now our vacation is about ended.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading THE HARVEST FESTIVAL AND now our vacation is about ended.

out-of-doorsnoun

where the air is unconfined

From this reading The peasants have finished their year's work out-of-doors.

peasantsnounUS /ˈpezənts/

plural of “peasant” — a country person

From this reading The peasants have finished their year's work out-of-doors.

remainsnounUS /rɪˈmeɪnz/

any object that is left unused or still extant

From this reading They have served their master's interests well; all that remains is his inspection to see that all is satisfactory, and his approval that they earned their wages.

satisfactoryadjectiveUS /ˌsætəˈsfæktri/

giving satisfaction

From this reading They have served their master's interests well; all that remains is his inspection to see that all is satisfactory, and his approval that they earned their wages.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading They have served their master's interests well; all that remains is his inspection to see that all is satisfactory, and his approval that they earned their wages.

servedverbUS /sɜːrvd/

past form of “serve” — serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading They have served their master's interests well; all that remains is his inspection to see that all is satisfactory, and his approval that they earned their wages.

stackedadjectiveUS /stækt/

arranged in a stack

From this reading Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading They have served their master's interests well; all that remains is his inspection to see that all is satisfactory, and his approval that they earned their wages.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE HARVEST FESTIVAL AND now our vacation is about ended.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The peasants have finished their year's work out-of-doors.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They have served their master's interests well; all that remains is his inspection to see that all is satisfactory, and his approval that they earned their wages.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The year is drawing to a close.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Harvest time has arrived; the crops are stacked up in the fields to be garnered in.

vacationnounUS /veɪˈkeɪʃən/

leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading THE HARVEST FESTIVAL AND now our vacation is about ended.

wagesnounUS /ˈweɪdʒəz/

a recompense for worthy acts or retribution for wrongdoing

From this reading They have served their master's interests well; all that remains is his inspection to see that all is satisfactory, and his approval that they earned their wages.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading They have served their master's interests well; all that remains is his inspection to see that all is satisfactory, and his approval that they earned their wages.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The peasants have finished their year's work out-of-doors.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The year is drawing to a close.

year'snounUS /jɪrz/

possessive form of “year” — a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The peasants have finished their year's work out-of-doors.

Chapter 10 of Our Little Polish Cousin by Florence Emma Voigt Mendel holds 217 sentences, grouped into 44 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Our Little Polish Cousin contain?

Chapter 10 holds 217 sentences of Our Little Polish Cousin, unabridged, divided into 44 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Our Little Polish Cousin by Florence Emma Voigt Mendel exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 217 sentences, grouped into 44 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Our Little Polish Cousin?

Work through the 44 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 44 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Our Little Polish Cousin

Common questions about reading Our Little Polish Cousin by Florence Emma Voigt Mendel on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Our Little Polish Cousin?

Yes. All 1177 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43513 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Our Little Polish Cousin is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43513, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Our Little Polish Cousin take to read?

About 98 minutes of reading across 236 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Our Little Polish Cousin section by section

How to work through Our Little Polish Cousin section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Our Little Polish Cousin to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Our Little Polish Cousin

Words and structures a reader meets early in Our Little Polish Cousin, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Little Polish Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Illustrated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Little Polish Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Full-page
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Little Polish Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Plates
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Little Polish Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.