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Our Little Roumanian Cousin
Our Little Roumanian Cousin

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Our Little Roumanian Cousin is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Our Little Roumanian Cousin
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.
He was dark with long black wavy hair.
He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.
Over this was a sleeveless sheepskin jacket, the wool inside, the outside gayly embroidered.
On his feet were goatskin sandals.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Our Little Roumanian Cousin

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Our Little Roumanian Cousin is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.
Line 2
He was dark with long black wavy hair.
/hiː wɑːz dɑːrk wɪð lɔːŋ blæk ˈweɪvi her/
Line 3
He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.
/hiː wɔːr waɪt ˈwʊlən ˈtraʊzərz ə sɔːrt ʌv bɪɡ sliːvd ˈtuːnɪk ɔːr ʃɜːrt ʌv kɔːrs bʌt ˈveri kliːn ˈlɪnən wel ˈbeltəd ɪn æt ðə weɪst baɪ ə brɔːd ˈskɑːrlət ˈwʊlən skɑːrf/
Line 4
Over this was a sleeveless sheepskin jacket, the wool inside, the outside gayly embroidered.
Line 5
On his feet were goatskin sandals.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

belted adjective US /ˈbeltəd/

having or provided with a belt

From this reading “He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.”

sandals noun US /ˈsændəlz/

plural of “sandal” — a shoe consisting of a sole fastened by straps to the foot

From this reading “On his feet were goatskin sandals.”

sheepskin noun US /ˈʃiːpskɪn/

tanned skin of a sheep with the fleece left on; used for clothing

From this reading “Over this was a sleeveless sheepskin jacket, the wool inside, the outside gayly embroidered.”

sleeved adjective US /sliːvd/

made with sleeves or sleeves especially as specified; often used in combination

From this reading “He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.”

sleeveless adjective US /ˈsliːvlɪs/

having no sleeves

From this reading “Over this was a sleeveless sheepskin jacket, the wool inside, the outside gayly embroidered.”

tunic noun US /ˈtuːnɪk/

an enveloping or covering membrane or layer of body tissue

From this reading “He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.”

wavy adjective US /ˈweɪvi/

(of hair) having waves

From this reading “He was dark with long black wavy hair.”

woolen noun US /ˈwʊlən/

a fabric made from the hair of sheep

From this reading “He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

wavy hair adjective + noun

In this reading “He was dark with long black wavy hair.”

clean linen adjective + noun

In this reading “He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.”

on the veranda preposition + article + noun counted as “on … veranda”

In this reading “THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.”

All words in this reading · 66

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

beltedadjectiveUS /ˈbeltəd/

having or provided with a belt

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading He was dark with long black wavy hair.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

cleanadjectiveUS /kliːn/

free from dirt or impurities; or having clean habits

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

coarseadjectiveUS /kɔːrs/

of textures that are rough to the touch or substances consisting of relatively large particles

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading He was dark with long black wavy hair.

embroideredverbUS /emˈbrɔɪdərd/

past form of “embroider” — decorate with needlework

From this reading Over this was a sleeveless sheepskin jacket, the wool inside, the outside gayly embroidered.

ENDnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading On his feet were goatskin sandals.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

gaylyadverb

in a joyous manner

From this reading Over this was a sleeveless sheepskin jacket, the wool inside, the outside gayly embroidered.

goatskinnoun

the hide of a goat

From this reading On his feet were goatskin sandals.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading He was dark with long black wavy hair.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was dark with long black wavy hair.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading On his feet were goatskin sandals.

hurriedadjectiveUS /ˈhɜːrid/

moving rapidly or performed quickly or in great haste

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

insideadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on the side closer to the center or within a defined space

From this reading Over this was a sleeveless sheepskin jacket, the wool inside, the outside gayly embroidered.

jacketnounUS /ˈdʒækət/

a short coat

From this reading Over this was a sleeveless sheepskin jacket, the wool inside, the outside gayly embroidered.

JOURNEY'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

linennounUS /ˈlɪnən/

a fabric woven with fibers from the flax plant

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading He was dark with long black wavy hair.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

medium-sizedadjective

intermediate in size

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading Over this was a sleeveless sheepskin jacket, the wool inside, the outside gayly embroidered.

OverprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Over this was a sleeveless sheepskin jacket, the wool inside, the outside gayly embroidered.

sandalsnounUS /ˈsændəlz/

plural of “sandal” — a shoe consisting of a sole fastened by straps to the foot

From this reading On his feet were goatskin sandals.

scarfnounUS /skɑːrf/

a garment worn around the head or neck or shoulders for warmth or decoration

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

scarletnounUS /ˈskɑːrlət/

a variable color that is vivid red but sometimes with an orange tinge

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

sheepskinnounUS /ˈʃiːpskɪn/

tanned skin of a sheep with the fleece left on; used for clothing

From this reading Over this was a sleeveless sheepskin jacket, the wool inside, the outside gayly embroidered.

shirtnounUS /ʃɜːrt/

a garment worn on the upper half of the body

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

sleevedadjectiveUS /sliːvd/

made with sleeves or sleeves especially as specified; often used in combination

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

sleevelessadjectiveUS /ˈsliːvlɪs/

having no sleeves

From this reading Over this was a sleeveless sheepskin jacket, the wool inside, the outside gayly embroidered.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Over this was a sleeveless sheepskin jacket, the wool inside, the outside gayly embroidered.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

trousersnounUS /ˈtraʊzərz/

(usually in the plural) a garment extending from the waist to the knee or ankle, covering each leg separately

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

tunicnounUS /ˈtuːnɪk/

an enveloping or covering membrane or layer of body tissue

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

verandanounUS /vərˈændə/

a porch along the outside of a building (sometimes partly enclosed)

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

vigorous-looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

waistnounUS /weɪst/

the narrowing of the body between the ribs and hips

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was dark with long black wavy hair.

wavyadjectiveUS /ˈweɪvi/

(of hair) having waves

From this reading He was dark with long black wavy hair.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading On his feet were goatskin sandals.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading THE JOURNEY'S END The medium-sized, vigorous-looking man who formed one of the group on the veranda, hurried forward to meet them.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He was dark with long black wavy hair.

woolnounUS /wʊl/

a fabric made from the hair of sheep

From this reading Over this was a sleeveless sheepskin jacket, the wool inside, the outside gayly embroidered.

woolennounUS /ˈwʊlən/

a fabric made from the hair of sheep

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

woreverbUS /wɔːr/

inflected form of “wear” — be dressed in

From this reading He wore white woolen trousers, a sort of big sleeved tunic or shirt of coarse but very clean linen, well belted in at the waist by a broad scarlet woolen scarf.

Chapter 4 of Our Little Roumanian Cousin by Clara Vostrovsky Winlow holds 35 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Our Little Roumanian Cousin contain?

Chapter 4 holds 35 sentences of Our Little Roumanian Cousin, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Our Little Roumanian Cousin by Clara Vostrovsky Winlow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 35 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Our Little Roumanian Cousin?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Our Little Roumanian Cousin

Common questions about reading Our Little Roumanian Cousin by Clara Vostrovsky Winlow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Our Little Roumanian Cousin?

Yes. All 1064 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #43637 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Our Little Roumanian Cousin is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #43637, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Our Little Roumanian Cousin take to read?

About 88 minutes of reading across 213 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Our Little Roumanian Cousin section by section

How to work through Our Little Roumanian Cousin section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Our Little Roumanian Cousin to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Our Little Roumanian Cousin

Words and structures a reader meets early in Our Little Roumanian Cousin, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Volume
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Little Roumanian Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Illustrated
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Little Roumanian Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Plates
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Little Roumanian Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cloth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Little Roumanian Cousin; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.