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Our World
Our World

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Our World is here in full — 211 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
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THE VICISSITUDES OF A PREACHER.
WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.
M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.
It is to such men, unhappily, the vices of slavery are open.
They grasp them, apply them to purposes most mercenary, most vile.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Our World

Chapter XVI · Chapter 16

Chapter 16 of Our World is here in full — 211 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE VICISSITUDES OF A PREACHER.
/ðə vɪˈsɪsɪtuːdz ʌv ə ˈpriːtʃər/
Line 2
WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.
Line 3
M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.
Line 4
It is to such men, unhappily, the vices of slavery are open.
/ɪt ɪz tuː sʌtʃ men ənˈhæpəli ðə ˈvaɪsəz ʌv ˈsleɪvəri ɑːr ˈoʊ.pən/
Line 5
They grasp them, apply them to purposes most mercenary, most vile.
/ðeɪ ɡræsp ðem əˈplaɪ ðem tuː ˈpɜːrpəsəz moʊst ˈmɜːrsəneri moʊst vaɪl/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

elevating verb US /ˈeləveɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “elevate” — give a promotion to or assign to a higher position

From this reading “WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.”

impugn verb US /ˌɪmˈpjuːn/

attack as false or wrong

From this reading “M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.”

mercenary noun US /ˈmɜːrsəneri/

a person hired to fight for another country than their own

From this reading “They grasp them, apply them to purposes most mercenary, most vile.”

ministerial adjective US /ˌmɪnɪˈstiːriəl/

of or relating to a minister of religion or the minister's office

From this reading “WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.”

oppressive adjective US /əˈpresɪv/

weighing heavily on the senses or spirit

From this reading “M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.”

republican's noun US /riˈpʌblɪkənz/

possessive form of “republican” — a member of the Republican Party

From this reading “M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.”

unhappily adverb US /ənˈhæpəli/

in an unpleasant way

From this reading “It is to such men, unhappily, the vices of slavery are open.”

vicissitudes noun US /vɪˈsɪsɪtuːdz/

plural of “vicissitude” — a variation in circumstances or fortune at different times in your life or in the development of something

From this reading “THE VICISSITUDES OF A PREACHER.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE VICISSITUDES OF A PREACHER.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

applyverbUS /əˈplaɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading They grasp them, apply them to purposes most mercenary, most vile.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It is to such men, unhappily, the vices of slavery are open.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

elevatingverbUS /ˈeləveɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “elevate” — give a promotion to or assign to a higher position

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

faithfuladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪθfəl/

steadfast in affection or allegiance

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

findingnounUS /ˈfaɪndɪŋ/

the act of determining the properties of something, usually by research or calculation

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

functionsnounUS /ˈfʌŋkʃənz/

plural of “function” — (mathematics) a mathematical relation such that each element of a given set (the domain of the function) is associated with an element of another set (the range of the function)

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

graspverbUS /ɡræsp/

hold firmly

From this reading They grasp them, apply them to purposes most mercenary, most vile.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

HarryverbUS /ˈheri/

annoy continually or chronically

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

impugnverbUS /ˌɪmˈpjuːn/

attack as false or wrong

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is to such men, unhappily, the vices of slavery are open.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

liberaladjectiveUS /ˈlɪbɜːrəl/

showing or characterized by broad-mindedness

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

M'Fadden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

Marston's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading It is to such men, unhappily, the vices of slavery are open.

mercenarynounUS /ˈmɜːrsəneri/

a person hired to fight for another country than their own

From this reading They grasp them, apply them to purposes most mercenary, most vile.

ministerialadjectiveUS /ˌmɪnɪˈstiːriəl/

of or relating to a minister of religion or the minister's office

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading They grasp them, apply them to purposes most mercenary, most vile.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE VICISSITUDES OF A PREACHER.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading It is to such men, unhappily, the vices of slavery are open.

oppressiveadjectiveUS /əˈpresɪv/

weighing heavily on the senses or spirit

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

ourspronounUS /ˈaʊərz/

the one or ones belonging to us

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

PREACHERnounUS /ˈpriːtʃər/

someone whose occupation is preaching the gospel

From this reading THE VICISSITUDES OF A PREACHER.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading They grasp them, apply them to purposes most mercenary, most vile.

republican'snounUS /riˈpʌblɪkənz/

possessive form of “republican” — a member of the Republican Party

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

seekverbUS /siːk/

try to get or reach

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

separatedadjectiveUS /ˈsepəreɪtɪd/

being or feeling set or kept apart from others

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

servantnounUS /ˈsɜːrvənt/

a person working in the service of another (especially in the household)

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

slaverynounUS /ˈsleɪvəri/

the state of being under the control of another person

From this reading It is to such men, unhappily, the vices of slavery are open.

soldadjectiveUS /soʊld/

disposed of to a purchaser

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

soulsnounUS /soʊlz/

plural of “soul” — the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

southernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading It is to such men, unhappily, the vices of slavery are open.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE VICISSITUDES OF A PREACHER.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They grasp them, apply them to purposes most mercenary, most vile.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They grasp them, apply them to purposes most mercenary, most vile.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

unhappilyadverbUS /ənˈhæpəli/

in an unpleasant way

From this reading It is to such men, unhappily, the vices of slavery are open.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

vicesnounUS /ˈvaɪsəz/

plural of “vice” — moral weakness

From this reading It is to such men, unhappily, the vices of slavery are open.

VICISSITUDESnounUS /vɪˈsɪsɪtuːdz/

plural of “vicissitude” — a variation in circumstances or fortune at different times in your life or in the development of something

From this reading THE VICISSITUDES OF A PREACHER.

vileadjectiveUS /vaɪl/

morally reprehensible

From this reading They grasp them, apply them to purposes most mercenary, most vile.

WEpronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading M'Fadden is a gentleman--we do not impugn the name, in a southern sense--of that class--very large class--who, finding the laws of their own country too oppressive for their liberal thoughts, seek a republican's home in ours.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading WE left Harry, the faithful servant, whose ministerial functions had been employed in elevating the souls of Marston's property, being separated from his wife and sold to Mr. M'Fadden.

Chapter 16 of Our World by F. Colburn (Francis Colburn) Adams holds 211 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Our World contain?

Chapter 16 holds 211 sentences of Our World, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Our World by F. Colburn (Francis Colburn) Adams exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 211 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Our World?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Our World

Common questions about reading Our World by F. Colburn (Francis Colburn) Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Our World?

Yes. All 9304 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4677 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Our World is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4677, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Our World take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1861 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Our World section by section

How to work through Our World section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Our World to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Our World

Words and structures a reader meets early in Our World, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Night
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Marston's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Plantation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.