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Our World
Our World

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of Our World is here in full — 249 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
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COMPETITION IN HUMAN THINGS.
IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.
The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.
His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.
Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Our World

Chapter XIX · Chapter 19

Chapter 19 of Our World is here in full — 249 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
COMPETITION IN HUMAN THINGS.
/ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃən ɪn ˈhjuːmən θɪŋz/
Line 2
IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.
Line 3
The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.
Line 4
His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.
Line 5
Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bidders noun US /ˈbɪdərz/

plural of “bidder” — someone who makes an offer

From this reading “IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.”

exacted verb US /ɪɡˈzæktɪd/

past form of “exact” — claim as due or just

From this reading “The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.”

famished adjective US /ˈfæmɪʃt/

extremely hungry

From this reading “His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.”

inveterate adjective US /ˌɪnˈvetərət/

habitual

From this reading “IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.”

planters noun US /ˈplæntərz/

plural of “planter” — the owner or manager of a plantation

From this reading “The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.”

predatory adjective US /ˈpredətɔːri/

characterized by plundering or pillaging or marauding

From this reading “Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.”

systematic adjective US /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk/

characterized by order and planning

From this reading “His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.”

unprincipled adjective US /ənˈprɪnsəpəld/

lacking principles or moral scruples

From this reading “The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

actsnounUS /ækts/

a New Testament book describing the development of the early church from Christ's Ascension to Paul's sojourn at Rome

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

advantagesnounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒɪz/

plural of “advantage” — the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

allowancenounUS /əˈlaʊəns/

an amount allowed or granted (as during a given period)

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

amountnounUS /əˈmaʊnt/

a quantity of money

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

appetitesnounUS /ˈæpətaɪts/

plural of “appetite” — a feeling of craving something

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

appropriatedverbUS /əˈproʊprieɪtɪd/

past form of “appropriate” — give or assign a resource to a particular person or cause

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

biddersnounUS /ˈbɪdərz/

plural of “bidder” — someone who makes an offer

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

COMPETITIONnounUS /ˌkɑːmpəˈtɪʃən/

a business relation in which two parties compete to gain customers

From this reading COMPETITION IN HUMAN THINGS.

cornnounUS /kɔːrn/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

crueladjectiveUS /ˈkruːəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

daringnounUS /ˈderɪŋ/

a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

desirableadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪrəbəl/

worth having or seeking or achieving

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

drivingadjectiveUS /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

eatverbUS /iːt/

take in solid food

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

enemiesnounUS /ˈenəmiz/

plural of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

exactedverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktɪd/

past form of “exact” — claim as due or just

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

famishedadjectiveUS /ˈfæmɪʃt/

extremely hungry

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

fellownounUS /ˈfeloʊ/

a boy or man

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

fierceadjectiveUS /fɪrs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

HUMANadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading COMPETITION IN HUMAN THINGS.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading COMPETITION IN HUMAN THINGS.

informverbUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrm/

impart knowledge of some fact, state of affairs, or event to

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

inveterateadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈvetərət/

habitual

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

ITpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

largeradjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒər/

large or big relative to something else

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

M'Fadden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

negronounUS /ˈniːɡroʊ/

a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

negroesnounUS /ˈniːɡroʊz/

plural of “negro” — a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

neighboursnounUS /ˈneɪbərz/

plural of “neighbour” — a person who lives (or is located) near another

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

notoriousadjectiveUS /noʊˈtɔːriəs/

known widely and usually unfavorably

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

occupationnounUS /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃən/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

offeredverbUS /ˈɔːfərd/

past form of “offer” — make available or accessible, provide or furnish

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

opinionnounUS /əˈpɪnjən/

a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

opponentsnounUS /əˈpoʊnənts/

plural of “opponent” — a contestant that you are matched against

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

peckverbUS /pek/

hit lightly with a picking motion

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

plantationnounUS /ˌplænˈteɪʃən/

an estate where cash crops are grown on a large scale (especially in tropical areas)

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

plantersnounUS /ˈplæntərz/

plural of “planter” — the owner or manager of a plantation

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

preachingnounUS /ˈpriːtʃɪŋ/

an address of a religious nature (usually delivered during a church service)

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

predatoryadjectiveUS /ˈpredətɔːri/

characterized by plundering or pillaging or marauding

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

readilyadverbUS /ˈredəli/

without much difficulty

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

recklessadjectiveUS /ˈrekləs/

marked by defiant disregard for danger or consequences

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

revengefuladjective

disposed to seek revenge or intended for revenge

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

rivalverbUS /ˈraɪvəl/

be equal to in quality or ability

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

Romescos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

seldomadverbUS /ˈseldəm/

not often

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

sprinkledverbUS /ˈsprɪŋkəld/

past form of “sprinkle” — distribute loosely

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

sustainverbUS /səˈsteɪn/

lengthen or extend in duration or space

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

swamp-generally

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

swine-were

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

systematicadjectiveUS /ˌsɪstəˈmætɪk/

characterized by order and planning

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

temptedverbUS /ˈtemptɪd/

past form of “tempt” — dispose or incline or entice to

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

THINGSnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading COMPETITION IN HUMAN THINGS.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

tradernounUS /ˈtreɪdər/

someone who purchases and maintains an inventory of goods to be sold

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

tyrantnounUS /ˈtaɪrənt/

a cruel and oppressive dictator

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

unprincipledadjectiveUS /ənˈprɪnsəpəld/

lacking principles or moral scruples

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

utmostadjectiveUS /ˈʌtmoʊst/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

vergenounUS /vɜːrdʒ/

a region marking a boundary

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading His opinion was, that a peck of corn a week was quite enough for a negro; and this was his systematic allowance;--but he otherwise tempted the appetites of his property, by driving them, famished, to the utmost verge of necessity.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading IT is enough to inform the reader that Romescos and Mr. M'Fadden were not only rival bidders for this very desirable piece of preaching property, but, being near neighbours, had become inveterate enemies and fierce political opponents.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Thus driven to predatory acts in order to sustain life, the advantages offered by Romescos' swamp-generally well sprinkled with swine-were readily appropriated to a very good use.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading The former, a reckless trader in men, women, and children, was a daring, unprincipled, and revengeful man, whose occupation seldom called him to his plantation; while the latter was notorious as a hard master and a cruel tyrant, who exacted a larger amount of labour from his negroes than his fellow planters, and gave them less to eat.

Chapter 19 of Our World by F. Colburn (Francis Colburn) Adams holds 249 sentences, grouped into 50 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 19 of Our World contain?

Chapter 19 holds 249 sentences of Our World, unabridged, divided into 50 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 19 of Our World by F. Colburn (Francis Colburn) Adams exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 249 sentences, grouped into 50 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 19 of Our World?

Work through the 50 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 50 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 19 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 19 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Our World

Common questions about reading Our World by F. Colburn (Francis Colburn) Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Our World?

Yes. All 9304 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4677 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Our World is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4677, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Our World take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1861 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Our World section by section

How to work through Our World section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Our World to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Our World

Words and structures a reader meets early in Our World, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Night
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Marston's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Plantation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our World; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.