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Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium
Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium is here in full — 52 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium
Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.
They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.
At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.
A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.
This boy’s father had once been employed as a gardener by the Trouvilles.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium

Chapter XIV

Chapter 14 of Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium is here in full — 52 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.
/ðə frentʃ ənd əˈlaɪd ˈfɔːrsɪz wɜːr ˈloʊkeɪtəd ɪn ə reɪndʒ ʌv ˈwʊdɪd hɪlz ˈrʌnɪŋ nɔːrθ ənd saʊθ əˈlɔːŋ ðə iːst bæŋk ʌv ðə mjuːz/
Line 2
They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.
/ðeɪ hæd ˈfɔːrtəfaɪd ˈstiːpli ˈterəst sloʊps wɪð səkˈsesɪv roʊz ʌv ˈtrentʃɪz pərˈmɪtɪŋ laɪn əˈbʌv laɪn ʌv ˈɪnfəntri tuː ˈfaɪər əˈɡenst æn ədˈvænsɪŋ ˈenəmi/
Line 3
At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.
Line 4
A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.
Line 5
This boy’s father had once been employed as a gardener by the Trouvilles.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

allied adjective US /əˈlaɪd/

related by common characteristics or ancestry

From this reading “The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.”

fortified adjective US /ˈfɔːrtəfaɪd/

secured with bastions or fortifications

From this reading “They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.”

Meuse noun US /mjuːz/

a European river; flows into the North Sea

From this reading “The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.”

permitting verb US /pərˈmɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “permit” — consent to, give permission

From this reading “They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.”

playmate noun US /ˈpleɪmeɪt/

a companion at play

From this reading “A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.”

steeply adverb US /ˈstiːpli/

in a steep manner

From this reading “They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.”

successive adjective US /səkˈsesɪv/

in regular succession without gaps

From this reading “They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.”

terraced verb US /ˈterəst/

past form of “terrace” — provide (a house) with a terrace

From this reading “They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

wooded hills adjective + noun counted as “wooded hill”

In this reading “The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.”

taken refuge adjective + noun

In this reading “A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.”

allied forces adjective + noun counted as “allied force”

In this reading “The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.”

east bank noun + noun

In this reading “The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.”

high ground adjective + noun

a position of superiority over opponents or competitors

In this reading “A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.”

running north adjective + noun

In this reading “The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.”

At the foot preposition + article + noun counted as “at … foot”

In this reading “At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

advancingadjectiveUS /ədˈvænsɪŋ/

moving forward

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

alliedadjectiveUS /əˈlaɪd/

related by common characteristics or ancestry

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

artillerynounUS /ɑːrˈtɪləri/

large but transportable armament

From this reading At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading This boy’s father had once been employed as a gardener by the Trouvilles.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.

banknounUS /bæŋk/

sloping land (especially the slope beside a body of water)

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.

boy'snounUS /bɔɪz/

possessive form of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading This boy’s father had once been employed as a gardener by the Trouvilles.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

employedadjectiveUS /emˈplɔɪd/

having your services engaged for; or having a job especially one that pays wages or a salary

From this reading This boy’s father had once been employed as a gardener by the Trouvilles.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading This boy’s father had once been employed as a gardener by the Trouvilles.

fireverbUS /ˈfaɪər/

start firing a weapon

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.

forcesnounUS /ˈfɔːrsɪz/

plural of “force” — a powerful effect or influence

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.

fortifiedadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrtəfaɪd/

secured with bastions or fortifications

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.

gardenernounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənər/

someone who takes care of a garden

From this reading This boy’s father had once been employed as a gardener by the Trouvilles.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.

Henri

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

hillsidenounUS /ˈhɪlsaɪd/

the side or slope of a hill

From this reading At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

infantrynounUS /ˈɪnfəntri/

an army unit consisting of soldiers who fight on foot

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.

locatedadjectiveUS /ˈloʊkeɪtəd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.

MeusenounUS /mjuːz/

a European river; flows into the North Sea

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading This boy’s father had once been employed as a gardener by the Trouvilles.

permittingverbUS /pərˈmɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “permit” — consent to, give permission

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

playmatenounUS /ˈpleɪmeɪt/

a companion at play

From this reading A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

refugenounUS /ˈrefjuːdʒ/

a safe place

From this reading A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.

rowsnounUS /roʊz/

plural of “row” — an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

ruinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.

runningadjectiveUS /ˈrʌnɪŋ/

(of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

shotnounUS /ʃɑːt/

the act of firing a projectile

From this reading At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.

slopesnounUS /sloʊps/

plural of “slope” — an elevated geological formation

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

steeplyadverbUS /ˈstiːpli/

in a steep manner

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

stone-built

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.

successiveadjectiveUS /səkˈsesɪv/

in regular succession without gaps

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.

terracedverbUS /ˈterəst/

past form of “terrace” — provide (a house) with a terrace

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.

trenchesnounUS /ˈtrentʃɪz/

plural of “trench” — a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

Trouvilles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This boy’s father had once been employed as a gardener by the Trouvilles.

Vignueilles

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading At the foot of the hillside is the village of Vignueilles, a little stone-built town that had been shot into ruins by artillery.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading A boy from this village, who had taken refuge with the soldiers on the high ground, found a former playmate when he met Henri.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading They had fortified steeply terraced slopes with successive rows of trenches, permitting line above line of infantry to fire against an advancing enemy.

woodedadjectiveUS /ˈwʊdɪd/

covered with growing trees and bushes etc

From this reading The French and allied forces were located in a range of wooded hills running north and south along the east bank of the Meuse.

Chapter 14 of Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium by Horace Porter holds 52 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 14 of Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium contain?

Chapter 14 holds 52 sentences of Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 14 of Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium by Horace Porter exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 52 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 14 of Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 14 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 14 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium

Common questions about reading Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium by Horace Porter on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 3014 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #60813 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #60813, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 251 minutes of reading across 603 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium

Words and structures a reader meets early in Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Muggy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Night
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dover--not
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unusual
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Our Young Aeroplane Scouts in France and Belgium; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.