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Out of the Primitive
Out of the Primitive

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Out of the Primitive is here in full — 309 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/61 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.
He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.
When he awoke, the sun was half way up the eastern sky.
He yawned, glanced at the sun, and rang for his breakfast.
It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Out of the Primitive

Chapter XXXI · Chapter 31

Chapter 31 of Out of the Primitive is here in full — 309 sentences across 62 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/61 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.
Line 2
He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.
/hiː hæd nɑːt hɜːrd ʌv bleɪks ˈkʌmɪŋ fɔːr məˈɡrɔː hæd prəˈzuːmd ðæt ðə əˈsɪstənt ˈendʒəˈnɪr hæd ˌriːˈpɔːrtɪd tuː ðə ˈɔːfɪs bɪˈfɔːr ˈtɜːrnɪŋ ɪn tuː sliːp/
Line 3
When he awoke, the sun was half way up the eastern sky.
/wen hiː əˈwoʊk ðə sʌn wɑːz hæf weɪ ʌp ðə ˈiːstərn skaɪ/
Line 4
He yawned, glanced at the sun, and rang for his breakfast.
/hiː jɔːnd ɡlænst æt ðə sʌn ənd ræŋ fɔːr hɪz ˈbrekfəst/
Line 5
It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.
/ɪt wɑːz ˈprezəntli brɔːt ɪn tuː hɪm baɪ hɪz ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ væˈleɪ huː laɪk ðə ʃef wɑːz nɑːt əˈnjuːzd tuː ðə ˈsɪti ˈsoʊʃəl ˈaʊərz ʌv hɪz emˈplɔɪər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Ashton noun US /ˈæʃtən/

British choreographer (1906-1988)

From this reading “LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.”

Blake's noun US /bleɪks/

possessive form of “blake” — visionary British poet and painter (1757-1827)

From this reading “He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.”

chef noun US /ʃef/

a professional cook

From this reading “It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.”

McGraw noun US /məˈɡrɔː/

United States baseball player and manager (1873-1934)

From this reading “He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.”

poker noun US /ˈpoʊkər/

fire iron consisting of a metal rod with a handle; used to stir a fire

From this reading “LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.”

presumed verb US /prəˈzuːmd/

past form of “presume” — take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading “He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.”

trumps noun US /trʌmps/

plural of “trump” — a playing card in the suit that has been declared trumps

From this reading “LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.”

unused adjective US /əˈnjuːzd/

not yet used or soiled

From this reading “It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He yawned, glanced at the sun, and rang for his breakfast.

AshtonnounUS /ˈæʃtən/

British choreographer (1906-1988)

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

AssistantnounUS /əˈsɪstənt/

a person who contributes to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

awokeverbUS /əˈwoʊk/

inflected form of “awake” — stop sleeping

From this reading When he awoke, the sun was half way up the eastern sky.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

BLAKEnounUS /bleɪk/

visionary British poet and painter (1757-1827)

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

Blake'snounUS /bleɪks/

possessive form of “blake” — visionary British poet and painter (1757-1827)

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

breakfastverbUS /ˈbrekfəst/

eat an early morning meal

From this reading He yawned, glanced at the sun, and rang for his breakfast.

bridge-workers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.

chefnounUS /ʃef/

a professional cook

From this reading It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading When he awoke, the sun was half way up the eastern sky.

employernounUS /emˈplɔɪər/

a person or firm that employs workers

From this reading It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.

EngineernounUS /ˈendʒəˈnɪr/

a person who uses scientific knowledge to solve practical problems

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

glancedverbUS /ɡlænst/

past form of “glance” — throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading He yawned, glanced at the sun, and rang for his breakfast.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading When he awoke, the sun was half way up the eastern sky.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He yawned, glanced at the sun, and rang for his breakfast.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.

LAFFIE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.

McGrawnounUS /məˈɡrɔː/

United States baseball player and manager (1873-1934)

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

midnightnounUS /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

PLAYSnounUS /pleɪz/

plural of “play” — a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

pokernounUS /ˈpoʊkər/

fire iron consisting of a metal rod with a handle; used to stir a fire

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

presentlyadverbUS /ˈprezəntli/

in the near future

From this reading It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.

presumedverbUS /prəˈzuːmd/

past form of “presume” — take to be the case or to be true; accept without verification or proof

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

rangverbUS /ræŋ/

inflected form of “ring” — sound loudly and sonorously

From this reading He yawned, glanced at the sun, and rang for his breakfast.

reportedadjectiveUS /ˌriːˈpɔːrtɪd/

made known or told about; especially presented in a formal account

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading When he awoke, the sun was half way up the eastern sky.

sleepnounUS /sliːp/

a natural and periodic state of rest during which consciousness of the world is suspended

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading When he awoke, the sun was half way up the eastern sky.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

TRUMPSnounUS /trʌmps/

plural of “trump” — a playing card in the suit that has been declared trumps

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

turningnounUS /ˈtɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of changing or reversing the direction of the course

From this reading He had not heard of Blake's coming, for McGraw had presumed that the Assistant Engineer had reported to the office before turning in to sleep.

unusedadjectiveUS /əˈnjuːzd/

not yet used or soiled

From this reading It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading When he awoke, the sun was half way up the eastern sky.

valetnounUS /væˈleɪ/

a manservant who acts as a personal attendant to his employer

From this reading It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When he awoke, the sun was half way up the eastern sky.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading When he awoke, the sun was half way up the eastern sky.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When he awoke, the sun was half way up the eastern sky.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It was presently brought in to him by his English valet, who, like the chef, was not unused to the city social hours of his employer.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading LAFFIE PLAYS--BLAKE TRUMPS After an evening at poker with one of the new bridge-workers, Ashton had retired at midnight.

yawnedverbUS /jɔːnd/

past form of “yawn” — utter a yawn, as from lack of oxygen or when one is tired

From this reading He yawned, glanced at the sun, and rang for his breakfast.

Chapter 31 of Out of the Primitive by Robert Ames Bennet holds 309 sentences, grouped into 62 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Out of the Primitive contain?

Chapter 31 holds 309 sentences of Out of the Primitive, unabridged, divided into 62 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Out of the Primitive by Robert Ames Bennet exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 309 sentences, grouped into 62 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Out of the Primitive?

Work through the 62 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 62 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Out of the Primitive

Common questions about reading Out of the Primitive by Robert Ames Bennet on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Out of the Primitive?

Yes. All 8075 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6116 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Out of the Primitive is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6116, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Out of the Primitive take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1615 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Out of the Primitive section by section

How to work through Out of the Primitive section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Out of the Primitive

Words and structures a reader meets early in Out of the Primitive, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Spurred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Out of the Primitive; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Utmost
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Out of the Primitive; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Oarsmen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Out of the Primitive; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Drove
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Out of the Primitive; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.