Chapter XII

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But for the famous expedition of Captain George Rogers Clark in 1778, the western boundary would have been the Allegheny Mountains.

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

from one side of something to the other

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

later than; following

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

a river that rises in Pennsylvania and flows north into New York and then back south through Pennsylvania again to join the Monongahela River at Pittsburgh which is the beginning of the Ohio River

From this reading But for the famous expedition of Captain George Rogers Clark in 1778, the western boundary would have been the Allegheny Mountains.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading But for the famous expedition of Captain George Rogers Clark in 1778, the western boundary would have been the Allegheny Mountains.

plural of “boundary” — the line or plane indicating the limit or extent of something

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

A line that marks the limits of an area.

From this reading But for the famous expedition of Captain George Rogers Clark in 1778, the western boundary would have been the Allegheny Mountains.

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But for the famous expedition of Captain George Rogers Clark in 1778, the western boundary would have been the Allegheny Mountains.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading But for the famous expedition of Captain George Rogers Clark in 1778, the western boundary would have been the Allegheny Mountains.

a period of 100 years

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

patterned with alternating squares of color

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

past form of “claim” — assert or affirm strongly; state to be true or existing

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River; Clark was responsible for making maps of the area (1770-1838)

From this reading But for the famous expedition of Captain George Rogers Clark in 1778, the western boundary would have been the Allegheny Mountains.

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

one of the large landmasses of the earth

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

a person who is older than you are

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

migration from a place (especially migration from your native country in order to settle in another)

From this reading The opening of the vast region to the west of the old original thirteen States set flowing a tide of emigration into the new and inviting territory.

an opposing military force

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

a state of deep-seated ill-will

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading But for the famous expedition of Captain George Rogers Clark in 1778, the western boundary would have been the Allegheny Mountains.

widely known and esteemed

From this reading But for the famous expedition of Captain George Rogers Clark in 1778, the western boundary would have been the Allegheny Mountains.

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading The opening of the vast region to the west of the old original thirteen States set flowing a tide of emigration into the new and inviting territory.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But for the famous expedition of Captain George Rogers Clark in 1778, the western boundary would have been the Allegheny Mountains.

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading But for the famous expedition of Captain George Rogers Clark in 1778, the western boundary would have been the Allegheny Mountains.

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But for the famous expedition of Captain George Rogers Clark in 1778, the western boundary would have been the Allegheny Mountains.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But for the famous expedition of Captain George Rogers Clark in 1778, the western boundary would have been the Allegheny Mountains.

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

plural of “inroad” — an encroachment or intrusion

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The opening of the vast region to the west of the old original thirteen States set flowing a tide of emigration into the new and inviting territory.

attractive and tempting

From this reading The opening of the vast region to the west of the old original thirteen States set flowing a tide of emigration into the new and inviting territory.

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

plural of “lake” — a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

Roman martyr; supposedly Lawrence was ordered by the police to give up the church's treasure and when he responded by presenting the poor people of Rome he was roasted to death on a gridiron (died in 258)

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

United States rock star singer and pianist (born in 1935)

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

worth remembering

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

the force of workers available

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

a major North American river and the chief river of the United States; rises in northern Minnesota and flows southward into the Gulf of Mexico

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading But for the famous expedition of Captain George Rogers Clark in 1778, the western boundary would have been the Allegheny Mountains.

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The opening of the vast region to the west of the old original thirteen States set flowing a tide of emigration into the new and inviting territory.

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

many times at short intervals

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The opening of the vast region to the west of the old original thirteen States set flowing a tide of emigration into the new and inviting territory.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading The opening of the vast region to the west of the old original thirteen States set flowing a tide of emigration into the new and inviting territory.

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading The opening of the vast region to the west of the old original thirteen States set flowing a tide of emigration into the new and inviting territory.

have ownership or possession of

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

the largest ocean in the world

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

something having the property of being analogous to something else

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

past form of “pour” — cause to run

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

one of four equal parts

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading The opening of the vast region to the west of the old original thirteen States set flowing a tide of emigration into the new and inviting territory.

past form of “resist” — elude, especially in a baffling way

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

United States humorist remembered for his homespun commentary on politics and American society (1879-1935)

From this reading But for the famous expedition of Captain George Rogers Clark in 1778, the western boundary would have been the Allegheny Mountains.

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The opening of the vast region to the west of the old original thirteen States set flowing a tide of emigration into the new and inviting territory.

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

plural of “state” — the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

at a steady rate or pace

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading The opening of the vast region to the west of the old original thirteen States set flowing a tide of emigration into the new and inviting territory.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

the cardinal number that is the sum of twelve and one

From this reading The opening of the vast region to the west of the old original thirteen States set flowing a tide of emigration into the new and inviting territory.

coming next after the thirtieth in position

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading The opening of the vast region to the west of the old original thirteen States set flowing a tide of emigration into the new and inviting territory.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

plural of “tribe” — a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

a sweater or jersey with a high close-fitting collar

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

characterized by unity; being or joined into a single entity

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading The opening of the vast region to the west of the old original thirteen States set flowing a tide of emigration into the new and inviting territory.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading LITTLE TURTLE FIRST AN ENEMY, THEN A FRIEND At the close of the Revolution, the boundaries of the United States were the Mississippi River on the west, the St. Lawrence and Great Lakes on the north, and the thirty-first parallel on the south.

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading But for the famous expedition of Captain George Rogers Clark in 1778, the western boundary would have been the Allegheny Mountains.

a Caucasian

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.

which person or people

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

in the company of; together with

From this reading Clark was an elder brother of Captain William Clark, who, with Captain Merriwether Lewis, made his memorable journey across the continent to the Pacific, a quarter of a century later.

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading But for the famous expedition of Captain George Rogers Clark in 1778, the western boundary would have been the Allegheny Mountains.

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading The stream poured steadily year after year, but was often checked by the enmity of the Indian tribes, who claimed the country as their own, and resisted the inroads of the white men.