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Outlines of English and American Literature
Outlines of English and American Literature

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Outlines of English and American Literature is here in full — 695 sentences across 139 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/139 · 5 lines
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THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...
This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England!
Shakespeare, _King Richard II_ HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.
In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.
For it was in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign that England found herself as a nation, and became conscious of her destiny as a world empire.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Outlines of English and American Literature

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Outlines of English and American Literature is here in full — 695 sentences across 139 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/139 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...
Line 2
This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England!
/ðɪs blest plɑːt ðɪs ɜːrθ ðɪs relm ðɪs ˈɪŋɡlənd/
Line 3
Shakespeare, _King Richard II_ HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.
Line 4
In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.
Line 5
For it was in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign that England found herself as a nation, and became conscious of her destiny as a world empire.
/fɔːr ɪt wɑːz ɪn ðə ˈlætər pɑːrt ʌv ɪˈlɪzəbəθs reɪn ðæt ˈɪŋɡlənd faʊnd hərˈself æz ə ˈneɪʃən ənd bɪˈkeɪm ˈkɑːnʃəs ʌv hɜːr ˈdestəni æz ə wɜːrld ˈempaɪər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Armada noun US /ɑːrˈmɑːdə/

a large fleet

From this reading “In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.”

Elizabeth's noun US /ɪˈlɪzəbəθs/

possessive form of “elizabeth” — daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading “For it was in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign that England found herself as a nation, and became conscious of her destiny as a world empire.”

elizabethan noun US /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading “THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...”

encircling adjective US /enˈsɜːrkəlɪŋ/

being all around the edges; enclosing

From this reading “In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.”

imperialist noun US /ˌɪmˈpɪriəlɪst/

a believer in imperialism

From this reading “In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.”

infection noun US /ˌɪnˈfekʃən/

the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms

From this reading “THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...”

Spain's noun US /speɪnz/

possessive form of “spain” — a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading “In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.”

unchallenged adjective US /ənˈtʃælɪndʒd/

generally agreed upon; not subject to dispute

From this reading “In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1550

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

1620

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For it was in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign that England found herself as a nation, and became conscious of her destiny as a world empire.

AgainstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

AGEnounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

ArmadanounUS /ɑːrˈmɑːdə/

a large fleet

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading For it was in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign that England found herself as a nation, and became conscious of her destiny as a world empire.

BACKGROUNDnounUS /ˈbækɡraʊnd/

a person's social heritage: previous experience or training

From this reading Shakespeare, _King Richard II_ HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading For it was in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign that England found herself as a nation, and became conscious of her destiny as a world empire.

blessedadjectiveUS /blest/

highly favored or fortunate (as e.g. by divine grace)

From this reading This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England!

boundlessadjectiveUS /ˈbaʊndləs/

seemingly boundless in amount, number, degree, or especially extent

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

breedverbUS /briːd/

call forth

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

consciousadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnʃəs/

intentionally conceived

From this reading For it was in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign that England found herself as a nation, and became conscious of her destiny as a world empire.

defeatnounUS /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

demi-paradise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

destinynounUS /ˈdestəni/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading For it was in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign that England found herself as a nation, and became conscious of her destiny as a world empire.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

EdennounUS /ˈiːdən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

Elizabeth'snounUS /ɪˈlɪzəbəθs/

possessive form of “elizabeth” — daughter of George VI who became the Queen of England and Northern Ireland in 1952 on the death of her father (1926-)

From this reading For it was in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign that England found herself as a nation, and became conscious of her destiny as a world empire.

ELIZABETHANnounUS /ˌelɪzəˈbiːθən/

a person who lived during the reign of Elizabeth I

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

empirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading For it was in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign that England found herself as a nation, and became conscious of her destiny as a world empire.

encirclingadjectiveUS /enˈsɜːrkəlɪŋ/

being all around the edges; enclosing

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England!

enthusiasmnounUS /ɪnˈθuːziæzəm/

a feeling of excitement

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

fortressnounUS /ˈfɔːrtrəs/

a fortified defensive structure

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading For it was in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign that England found herself as a nation, and became conscious of her destiny as a world empire.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

GauntadjectiveUS /ɡɔːnt/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

HISTORICALadjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading Shakespeare, _King Richard II_ HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Shakespeare, _King Richard II_ HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.

imperialistnounUS /ˌɪmˈpɪriəlɪst/

a believer in imperialism

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

infectionnounUS /ˌɪnˈfekʃən/

the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

islenounUS /aɪl/

a small island

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

isolationnounUS /ˌaɪsəˈleɪʃən/

a state of separation between persons or groups

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading For it was in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign that England found herself as a nation, and became conscious of her destiny as a world empire.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Shakespeare, _King Richard II_ HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.

kingsnounUS /kɪŋz/

plural of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading For it was in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign that England found herself as a nation, and became conscious of her destiny as a world empire.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

lipsnounUS /lɪps/

plural of “lip” — either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

majestynounUS /ˈmædʒəsti/

impressiveness in scale or proportion

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

MarsnounUS /mɑːrz/

a small reddish planet that is the 4th from the sun and is periodically visible to the naked eye; minerals rich in iron cover its surface and are responsible for its characteristic color

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

mistressnounUS /ˈmɪstrəs/

an adulterous woman; a woman who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading For it was in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign that England found herself as a nation, and became conscious of her destiny as a world empire.

NaturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading For it was in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign that England found herself as a nation, and became conscious of her destiny as a world empire.

plotnounUS /plɑːt/

a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)

From this reading This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England!

preciousadjectiveUS /ˈpreʃəs/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

realmnounUS /relm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading This blessed plot, this earth, this realm, this England!

rebelliousadjectiveUS /rɪˈbeljəs/

resisting control or authority

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

reflectverbUS /rɪˈflekt/

manifest or bring back

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading For it was in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign that England found herself as a nation, and became conscious of her destiny as a world empire.

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Shakespeare, _King Richard II_ HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

scepter'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

ShakespearenounUS /ˈʃeɪkspiːr/

English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading Shakespeare, _King Richard II_ HISTORICAL BACKGROUND.

silvernounUS /ˈsɪlvər/

a soft white precious univalent metallic element having the highest electrical and thermal conductivity of any metal; occurs in argentite and in free form; used in coins and jewelry and tableware and photography

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

Spain'snounUS /speɪnz/

possessive form of “spain” — a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

splendidadjectiveUS /ˈsplendɪd/

having great beauty and splendor

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

thronenounUS /θroʊn/

the chair of state for a monarch, bishop, etc.

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

triumphantadjectiveUS /traɪˈʌmfənt/

joyful and proud especially because of triumph or success

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

unchallengedadjectiveUS /ənˈtʃælɪndʒd/

generally agreed upon; not subject to dispute

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading For it was in the latter part of Elizabeth's reign that England found herself as a nation, and became conscious of her destiny as a world empire.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In such triumphant lines, falling from the lips of that old imperialist John of Gaunt, did Shakespeare reflect, not the rebellious spirit of the age of Richard II, but the boundless enthusiasm of his own times, when the defeat of Spain's mighty Armada had left England "in splendid isolation," unchallenged mistress of her own realm and of the encircling sea.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading THE ELIZABETHAN AGE (1550-1620) This royal throne of kings, this scepter'd isle, This earth of majesty, this seat of Mars, This other Eden, demi-paradise, This fortress built by Nature for herself Against infection and the hand of war, This happy breed of men, this little world, This precious stone set in the silver sea, ...

Chapter 4 of Outlines of English and American Literature by William J. (William Joseph) Long holds 695 sentences, grouped into 139 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Outlines of English and American Literature contain?

Chapter 4 holds 695 sentences of Outlines of English and American Literature, unabridged, divided into 139 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Outlines of English and American Literature by William J. (William Joseph) Long exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 695 sentences, grouped into 139 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Outlines of English and American Literature?

Work through the 139 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 139 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #7800, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in Outlines of English and American Literature

Words and structures a reader meets early in Outlines of English and American Literature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Lesson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Outlines of English and American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Invitation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Outlines of English and American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sleep
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Outlines of English and American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wakened
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Outlines of English and American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.