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Outlines of English and American Literature
Outlines of English and American Literature

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Outlines of English and American Literature is here in full — 1054 sentences across 211 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.
Kingsley, "A Myth" HISTORICAL OUTLINE.
Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.
The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.
In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Outlines of English and American Literature

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Outlines of English and American Literature is here in full — 1054 sentences across 211 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/210 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.
Line 2
Kingsley, "A Myth" HISTORICAL OUTLINE.
Line 3
Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.
/əˈmɪd ðə ˈmeni ˈtʃeɪndʒəz wɪtʃ meɪk ðə reɪn ʌv vɪkˈtɔːriə ðə moʊst prəˈɡresɪv ɪn ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈhɪstəri wʌn meɪ dɪˈskʌvər θriː ˈtendənsiz wɪtʃ hæv proʊˈfaʊndli əˈfektɪd ˈaʊər ˈprezənt laɪf ənd ˈlɪtərətʃər/
Line 4
The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.
Line 5
In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

democratic adjective US /ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/

characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality

From this reading “The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.”

Myth noun US /mɪθ/

a traditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people

From this reading “Kingsley, "A Myth" HISTORICAL OUTLINE.”

progressive adjective US /prəˈɡresɪv/

favoring or promoting progress

From this reading “Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.”

royalty noun US /ˈrɔɪəlti/

payment to the holder of a patent or copyright or resource for the right to use their property

From this reading “In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:”

stress noun US /stres/

the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch)

From this reading “In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:”

sweeps noun US /swiːps/

plural of “sweep” — a wide scope

From this reading “THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.”

tendencies noun US /ˈtendənsiz/

plural of “tendency” — an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading “Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.”

victorian adjective US /vɪkˈtɔːriən/

of or relating to Queen Victoria of Great Britain or to the age in which she ruled

From this reading “THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.”

All words in this reading · 93

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1832

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

1837

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

1901

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Kingsley, "A Myth" HISTORICAL OUTLINE.

affectedadjectiveUS /əˈfektɪd/

acted upon; influenced

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

AGEnounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/

plural of “age” — how long something has existed

From this reading In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:

AmidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

BillnounUS /bɪl/

a statute in draft before it becomes law

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

blowverbUS /bloʊ/

exhale hard

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

clarioned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

currentnounUS /ˈkɜːrənt/

a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

deliververbUS /dɪˈlɪvər/

deliver (a speech, oration, or idea)

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

democraticadjectiveUS /ˌdeməˈkrætɪk/

characterized by or advocating or based upon the principles of democracy or social equality

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

discoververbUS /dɪˈskʌvər/

discover or determine the existence, presence, or fact of

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

EreconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

evidentadjectiveUS /ˈevədənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

glownounUS /ɡloʊ/

an alert and refreshed state

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

hastauxiliary verbUS /hæst/

an old form of “have”, used with “thou”

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

HISTORICALadjectiveUS /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/

of or relating to the study of history

From this reading Kingsley, "A Myth" HISTORICAL OUTLINE.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

Kingsley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Kingsley, "A Myth" HISTORICAL OUTLINE.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

MythnounUS /mɪθ/

a traditional story accepted as history; serves to explain the world view of a people

From this reading Kingsley, "A Myth" HISTORICAL OUTLINE.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

OUTLINEnounUS /ˈaʊtlaɪn/

the line that appears to bound an object

From this reading Kingsley, "A Myth" HISTORICAL OUTLINE.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

privilegenounUS /ˈprɪvlədʒ/

a special advantage or immunity or benefit not enjoyed by all

From this reading In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:

profoundlyadverbUS /proʊˈfaʊndli/

to a great depth psychologically or emotionally

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

progressiveadjectiveUS /prəˈɡresɪv/

favoring or promoting progress

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

ReformnounUS /rəˈfɔːrm/

a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

royaltynounUS /ˈrɔɪəlti/

payment to the holder of a patent or copyright or resource for the right to use their property

From this reading In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

sailedverbUS /seɪld/

past form of “sail” — traverse or travel on (a body of water)

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

ShakespearenounUS /ˈʃeɪkspiːr/

English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

stressnounUS /stres/

the relative prominence of a syllable or musical note (especially with regard to stress or pitch)

From this reading In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:

sweepsnounUS /swiːps/

plural of “sweep” — a wide scope

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

tendenciesnounUS /ˈtendənsiz/

plural of “tendency” — an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

VictorianounUS /vɪkˈtɔːriə/

queen of Great Britain and Ireland and empress of India from 1837 to 1901; the last Hanoverian ruler of England (1819-1901)

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

VICTORIANadjectiveUS /vɪkˈtɔːriən/

of or relating to Queen Victoria of Great Britain or to the age in which she ruled

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Amid the many changes which make the reign of Victoria the most progressive in English history, one may discover three tendencies which have profoundly affected our present life and literature.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The first is political and democratic: it may be said to have begun with the Reform Bill of 1832; it is still in progress, and its evident end is to deliver the government of England into the hands of the common people.

witnessedverbUS /ˈwɪtnəst/

past form of “witness” — be a witness to

From this reading In earlier ages we witnessed a government which laid stress on royalty and class privilege, the spirit of which was clarioned by Shakespeare in the lines:

WorldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading THE VICTORIAN AGE (1837-1901) The current sweeps the Old World, The current sweeps the New; The wind will blow, the dawn will glow, Ere thou hast sailed them through.

Chapter 9 of Outlines of English and American Literature by William J. (William Joseph) Long holds 1054 sentences, grouped into 211 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Outlines of English and American Literature contain?

Chapter 9 holds 1054 sentences of Outlines of English and American Literature, unabridged, divided into 211 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Outlines of English and American Literature by William J. (William Joseph) Long exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 1054 sentences, grouped into 211 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Outlines of English and American Literature?

Work through the 211 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 211 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Outlines of English and American Literature

Common questions about reading Outlines of English and American Literature by William J. (William Joseph) Long on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Outlines of English and American Literature?

Yes. All 6414 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7800 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Outlines of English and American Literature is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7800, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Outlines of English and American Literature take to read?

About 534 minutes of reading across 1283 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Outlines of English and American Literature section by section

How to work through Outlines of English and American Literature section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of Outlines of English and American Literature to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Outlines of English and American Literature

Words and structures a reader meets early in Outlines of English and American Literature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Lesson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Outlines of English and American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Invitation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Outlines of English and American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sleep
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Outlines of English and American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wakened
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Outlines of English and American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.