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Outlines of English and American Literature
Outlines of English and American Literature

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Outlines of English and American Literature is here in full — 1064 sentences across 213 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/212 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.
On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.
O'Hara, "The Bivouac of the Dead" POLITICAL HISTORY.
To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.
It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Outlines of English and American Literature

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Outlines of English and American Literature is here in full — 1064 sentences across 213 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/212 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.
Line 2
On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.
Line 3
O'Hara, "The Bivouac of the Dead" POLITICAL HISTORY.
/oʊˈherə ðə ˈbɪvwæk ʌv ðə ded pəˈlɪtəkəl ˈhɪstəri/
Line 4
To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.
Line 5
It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bivouac noun US /ˈbɪvwæk/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading “On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.”

dominating adjective US /ˈdɑːməneɪtɪŋ/

most powerful or important or influential

From this reading “It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.”

dwarfing verb US /ˈdwɔːrfɪŋ/

-ing form of “dwarf” — make appear small by comparison

From this reading “It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.”

lodestone noun US /ˈloʊdstoʊn/

a permanent magnet consisting of magnetite that possess polarity and has the power to attract as well as to be attracted magnetically

From this reading “To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.”

looms noun US /luːmz/

plural of “loom” — a textile machine for weaving yarn into a textile

From this reading “It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.”

O'Hara noun US /oʊˈherə/

United States writer (1905-1970)

From this reading “O'Hara, "The Bivouac of the Dead" POLITICAL HISTORY.”

soldier's noun US /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

possessive form of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading “THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.”

tattoo noun US /ˌtæˈtuː/

a drumbeat or bugle call that signals the military to return to their quarters

From this reading “THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1840

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

1876

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.

beatverbUS /biːt/

come out better in a competition, race, or conflict

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

bivouacnounUS /ˈbɪvwæk/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.

camping-ground

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.

CiviladjectiveUS /ˈsɪvəl/

applying to ordinary citizens as contrasted with the military

From this reading To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.

CONFLICTnounUS /ˈkɑːnflɪkt/

an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.

dominatingadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːməneɪtɪŋ/

most powerful or important or influential

From this reading It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.

drawnadjectiveUS /drɔːn/

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.

drum's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

dwarfingverbUS /ˈdwɔːrfɪŋ/

-ing form of “dwarf” — make appear small by comparison

From this reading It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.

eternaladjectiveUS /ɪˈtɜːrnəl/

continuing forever or indefinitely

From this reading On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

Fame's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

GlorynounUS /ˈɡlɔːri/

a state of high honor

From this reading On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.

guardsnounUS /ɡɑːrdz/

plural of “guard” — a person who keeps watch over something or someone

From this reading On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.

HISTORYnounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading O'Hara, "The Bivouac of the Dead" POLITICAL HISTORY.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

Life'snounUS /laɪfs/

possessive form of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

lodestonenounUS /ˈloʊdstoʊn/

a permanent magnet consisting of magnetite that possess polarity and has the power to attract as well as to be attracted magnetically

From this reading To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.

loomsnounUS /luːmz/

plural of “loom” — a textile machine for weaving yarn into a textile

From this reading It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

muffledadjectiveUS /ˈmʌfəld/

being or made softer or less loud or clear

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

nineteenthadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪnˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the eighteenth in position

From this reading It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

O'HaranounUS /oʊˈherə/

United States writer (1905-1970)

From this reading O'Hara, "The Bivouac of the Dead" POLITICAL HISTORY.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.

paradenounUS /pərˈeɪd/

a ceremonial procession including people marching

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

PERIODnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

POLITICALadjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading O'Hara, "The Bivouac of the Dead" POLITICAL HISTORY.

powerfuladjectiveUS /ˈpaʊərfəl/

having great power or force or potency or effect

From this reading To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.

rollverbUS /roʊl/

move by turning over or rotating

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.

sadadjectiveUS /sæd/

experiencing or showing sorrow or unhappiness

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

silentadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənt/

marked by absence of sound

From this reading On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.

soldier'snounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

possessive form of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

solemnadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləm/

dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises

From this reading On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.

stupendousadjectiveUS /stuːˈpendəs/

so great in size or force or extent as to elicit awe

From this reading It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.

tattoonounUS /ˌtæˈtuː/

a drumbeat or bugle call that signals the military to return to their quarters

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

tentsnounUS /tents/

plural of “tent” — a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs)

From this reading On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE PERIOD OF CONFLICT (1840-1876) The muffled drum's sad roll has beat The soldier's last tattoo; No more on Life's parade shall meet That brave and fallen few.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading It looms there in the middle of the nineteenth century, a stupendous thing, dominating and dwarfing all others.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.

WarnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading To study the history of America after 1840 is to have our attention drawn as by a powerful lodestone to the Civil War.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading On Fame's eternal camping-ground Their silent tents are spread, And Glory guards, with solemn round, The bivouac of the dead.

Chapter 12 of Outlines of English and American Literature by William J. (William Joseph) Long holds 1064 sentences, grouped into 213 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Outlines of English and American Literature contain?

Chapter 12 holds 1064 sentences of Outlines of English and American Literature, unabridged, divided into 213 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Outlines of English and American Literature by William J. (William Joseph) Long exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 1064 sentences, grouped into 213 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Outlines of English and American Literature?

Work through the 213 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 213 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Outlines of English and American Literature

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Project Gutenberg eBook #7800, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 534 minutes of reading across 1283 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Outlines of English and American Literature

Words and structures a reader meets early in Outlines of English and American Literature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Lesson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Outlines of English and American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Invitation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Outlines of English and American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sleep
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Outlines of English and American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wakened
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Outlines of English and American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.