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Over the Border: A Romance
Over the Border: A Romance

Chapter XI · Detention

Cover illustration for Over the Border: A Romance
Context Illustration Reading 1/36 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.
His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.
This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.
He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.
The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Over the Border: A Romance

Chapter XI · Detention

Reading 1/36 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.
Line 2
His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.
Line 3
This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.
Line 4
He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.
Line 5
The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

After preposition US /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading “The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.”

Along preposition US /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading “His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.”

Because conjunction US /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading “This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.”

Before preposition US /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading “He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.”

Could modal verb US /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading “He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.”

Every determiner US /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.”

Good noun US /good/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.”

Himself pronoun US /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading “His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.”

Left noun US /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.”

Memory noun US /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading “This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.”

Morning noun US /morning/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.”

Muttered verb US /ˈmʌtərd/

spoke in a low voice that was difficult to hear

From this reading “His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.”

Next noun US /next/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.”

Required noun US /required/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.”

Still noun US /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

abstraction

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.

account

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.

accustomed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.

ahead

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.

animal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

Armstrong

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

black

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

Border

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

brow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.

Bruce

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

burnt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.

busy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.

carried

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

castle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.

committing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.

consulted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

cooked

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

danger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.

demeanor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.

directed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

early

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

fire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

gay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.

goodnounUS /good/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

guidance

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

horse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

host

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

King

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.

knee

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

knew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.

lay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.

leftnounUS /left/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.

mass

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

memorynounUS /ˈmem.ər.i/

The faculty by which the mind stores and remembers information and knowledge.

From this reading This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.

merely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

message

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.

morningnounUS /morning/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

mutteredverbUS /ˈmʌtərd/

spoke in a low voice that was difficult to hear

From this reading His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.

naturally

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.

needed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

nextnounUS /next/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

night

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.

notes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

out

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

rein

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

requirednounUS /required/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

rider

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

rode

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.

saddle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

Scottish

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From this reading The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.

set

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From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

sleep

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

slept

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

soil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.

stillnounUS /still/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.

subdued

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.

supper

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From this reading The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.

task

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

then

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.

touch

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

Traquair's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The night after he left Traquair’s castle Armstrong slept on Scottish soil, still busy with his task of memory; then he burnt the notes in the fire that cooked his supper.

tug

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

unwonted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This unwonted abstraction was not on account of the danger which he knew lay ahead of him, but because he was committing to memory the message to the King.

whispered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

wishes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The next morning, early, William Armstrong, on Bruce, his black horse, set out for the Border with the good wishes of his host.

word

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.

wrinkled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His naturally gay demeanor was subdued, and he muttered to himself with wrinkled brow as he rode along.

written

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He carried a mass of notes, which he had written the night before, and these he consulted every now and then, for his horse required no guidance, and if it had, its rider was so accustomed to the saddle that he could have directed the animal in his sleep, for Bruce needed no tug at rein, but merely a whispered word or a touch from one knee or the other.