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Over the Border: A Romance
Over the Border: A Romance

Chapter XXXI · Accomplishment

Chapter XXXI of Over the Border: A Romance, “Accomplishment,” is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Over the Border: A Romance
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.
A horseman bearing the guise of a Roundhead trooper, his steel cap glittering, approached the ancient stronghold.
That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.
Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.
He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Over the Border: A Romance

Chapter XXXI · Accomplishment

Chapter XXXI of Over the Border: A Romance, “Accomplishment,” is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.
Line 2
A horseman bearing the guise of a Roundhead trooper, his steel cap glittering, approached the ancient stronghold.
/ə ˈhɔːrsmən ˈberɪŋ ðə ɡaɪz ʌv ə ˈraʊndhed ˈtruːpər hɪz stiːl kæp ˈɡlɪtərɪŋ əˈproʊtʃt ðə ˈeɪn.ʃənt ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/
Line 3
That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.
/ðæt sʌtʃ ə mæn derd set fʊt ɑːn ˈskɑːtɪʃ sɔɪl ənd raɪd ðʌs ˈboʊldli tuː ðə hoʊm ʌv ðə moʊst ˈnoʊtəd ˈrɔɪəlɪst ɑːn ðə ˈbɔːrdər siːmd ˌɪnˈkredəbəl bʌt ðə ˈwɔːrdər wɑːz nɑːt tuː biː kɑːt ˈnæpɪŋ ənd hiː ɡeɪv ˈɔːrdərz ðæt ðə ɡeɪts biː kloʊzd ənd ˈɡɑːrdəd fɔːr ðə ˈbɔːrdər wɑːz ˈevər ə lænd ʌv sərˈpraɪzɪz ənd wʌn mʌst teɪk ɔːl priˈkɔːʃən/
Line 4
Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.
/ˈdaʊtləs ðɪs loʊn ˈtruːpər hæd ə ˈkʌmpəniː kənˈsiːld ˈsʌmwer ənd wɑːz ədˈvænsɪŋ tuː ˈpɑːrli ˌɔːlˈðoʊ hiː ˈkærid noʊ flæɡ ʌv truːs/
Line 5
He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.
/hiː keɪm ɑːn wɪð ə faɪn er ʌv ˌɪnˈdɪfərəns ənd stɑːpt wen hiː faʊnd hɪz weɪ bɑːrd ˈsɪtɪŋ ˈkerləsli ɑːn hɪz hɔːrs wɪð æn əˈmjuːzd smaɪl ɑːn hɪz lɪps/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

misleading adjective US /mɪˈsliːdɪŋ/

designed to deceive or mislead either deliberately or inadvertently

From this reading “As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.”

napping adjective US /ˈnæpɪŋ/

not prepared or vigilant

From this reading “That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.”

parley noun US /ˈpɑːrli/

a negotiation between enemies

From this reading “Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.”

Roundhead noun US /ˈraʊndhed/

a brachycephalic person

From this reading “A horseman bearing the guise of a Roundhead trooper, his steel cap glittering, approached the ancient stronghold.”

Royalist noun US /ˈrɔɪəlɪst/

an advocate of the principles of monarchy

From this reading “That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.”

stronghold noun US /ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/

a strongly fortified defensive structure

From this reading “A horseman bearing the guise of a Roundhead trooper, his steel cap glittering, approached the ancient stronghold.”

trooper noun US /ˈtruːpər/

a soldier in a motorized army unit

From this reading “A horseman bearing the guise of a Roundhead trooper, his steel cap glittering, approached the ancient stronghold.”

warder noun US /ˈwɔːrdər/

a person who works in a prison and is in charge of prisoners

From this reading “As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

steel cap noun + noun

In this reading “A horseman bearing the guise of a Roundhead trooper, his steel cap glittering, approached the ancient stronghold.”

seemed incredible verb + adjective counted as “seem incredible”

In this reading “That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.”

set foot verb + noun

In this reading “That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.”

most noted adverb + adjective

In this reading “That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.”

on the Border preposition + article + noun counted as “on … border”

In this reading “That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.”

gave orders verb + noun counted as “give order”

In this reading “That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.”

beheld a sight verb + article + noun counted as “behold … sight”

In this reading “As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.”

of truce preposition + noun

In this reading “Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

advancingadjectiveUS /ədˈvænsɪŋ/

moving forward

From this reading Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.

amusedadjectiveUS /əˈmjuːzd/

pleasantly occupied

From this reading He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading A horseman bearing the guise of a Roundhead trooper, his steel cap glittering, approached the ancient stronghold.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

approachedverbUS /əˈproʊtʃt/

past form of “approach” — move towards

From this reading A horseman bearing the guise of a Roundhead trooper, his steel cap glittering, approached the ancient stronghold.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

barredadjectiveUS /bɑːrd/

preventing entry or exit or a course of action

From this reading He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading A horseman bearing the guise of a Roundhead trooper, his steel cap glittering, approached the ancient stronghold.

beheldverbUS /biˈheld/

inflected form of “behold” — see with attention

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

boldlyadverbUS /ˈboʊldli/

with boldness, in a bold manner

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

BordernounUS /ˈbɔːrdər/

a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.

capnounUS /kæp/

a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading A horseman bearing the guise of a Roundhead trooper, his steel cap glittering, approached the ancient stronghold.

carelesslyadverbUS /ˈkerləsli/

without care or concern

From this reading He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

closedadjectiveUS /kloʊzd/

not open or affording passage or access

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.

concealedadjectiveUS /kənˈsiːld/

not accessible to view

From this reading Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.

daredverbUS /derd/

past form of “dare” — take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

DoubtlessadverbUS /ˈdaʊtləs/

without doubt; certainly

From this reading Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.

flagnounUS /flæɡ/

emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design

From this reading Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.

footnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

glitteringadjectiveUS /ˈɡlɪtərɪŋ/

having brief brilliant points or flashes of light

From this reading A horseman bearing the guise of a Roundhead trooper, his steel cap glittering, approached the ancient stronghold.

guardedadjectiveUS /ˈɡɑːrdəd/

prudent

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

guisenounUS /ɡaɪz/

an artful or simulated semblance

From this reading A horseman bearing the guise of a Roundhead trooper, his steel cap glittering, approached the ancient stronghold.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

horsenounUS /hɔːrs/

solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.

horsemannounUS /ˈhɔːrsmən/

a man skilled in equitation

From this reading A horseman bearing the guise of a Roundhead trooper, his steel cap glittering, approached the ancient stronghold.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

incredibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈkredəbəl/

beyond belief or understanding

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

indifferencenounUS /ˌɪnˈdɪfərəns/

unbiased impartial unconcern

From this reading He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

lipsnounUS /lɪps/

plural of “lip” — either of two fleshy folds of tissue that surround the mouth and play a role in speaking

From this reading He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.

loneadjectiveUS /loʊn/

lacking companions or companionship

From this reading Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

misleadingadjectiveUS /mɪˈsliːdɪŋ/

designed to deceive or mislead either deliberately or inadvertently

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

nappingadjectiveUS /ˈnæpɪŋ/

not prepared or vigilant

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

notedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

ordersnounUS /ˈɔːrdərz/

plural of “order” — (often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

parleynounUS /ˈpɑːrli/

a negotiation between enemies

From this reading Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.

precautionnounUS /priˈkɔːʃən/

a precautionary measure warding off impending danger or damage or injury etc.

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

rideverbUS /raɪd/

sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

RoundheadnounUS /ˈraʊndhed/

a brachycephalic person

From this reading A horseman bearing the guise of a Roundhead trooper, his steel cap glittering, approached the ancient stronghold.

RoyalistnounUS /ˈrɔɪəlɪst/

an advocate of the principles of monarchy

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

rubverbUS /rʌb/

move over something with pressure

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

ScottishnounUS /ˈskɑːtɪʃ/

the dialect of English used in Scotland

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.

smileverbUS /smaɪl/

change one's facial expression by spreading the lips, often to signal pleasure

From this reading He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.

soilnounUS /sɔɪl/

the state of being covered with unclean things

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

somewhereadverbUS /ˈsʌmwer/

in or at or to some place

From this reading Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.

steelnounUS /stiːl/

an alloy of iron with small amounts of carbon; widely used in construction; mechanical properties can be varied over a wide range

From this reading A horseman bearing the guise of a Roundhead trooper, his steel cap glittering, approached the ancient stronghold.

stoppedadjectiveUS /stɑːpt/

(of a nose) blocked

From this reading He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.

strongholdnounUS /ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/

a strongly fortified defensive structure

From this reading A horseman bearing the guise of a Roundhead trooper, his steel cap glittering, approached the ancient stronghold.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

surprisesnounUS /sərˈpraɪzɪz/

plural of “surprise” — the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

Traquair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

troopernounUS /ˈtruːpər/

a soldier in a motorized army unit

From this reading A horseman bearing the guise of a Roundhead trooper, his steel cap glittering, approached the ancient stronghold.

trucenounUS /truːs/

a state of peace agreed to between opponents so they can discuss peace terms

From this reading Doubtless this lone trooper had a company concealed somewhere, and was advancing to parley, although he carried no flag of truce.

wardernounUS /ˈwɔːrdər/

a person who works in a prison and is in charge of prisoners

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading That such a man dared set foot on Scottish soil and ride thus boldly to the home of the most noted Royalist on the Border seemed incredible, but the warder was not to be caught napping, and he gave orders that the gates be closed and guarded, for the Border was ever a land of surprises, and one must take all precaution.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading As evening drew on, the old warder of Traquair Castle beheld a sight that caused him to rub his eyes in the fear that they were misleading him.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He came on with a fine air of indifference, and stopped when he found his way barred, sitting carelessly on his horse with an amused smile on his lips.

Chapter 31 of Over the Border: A Romance by Robert Barr holds 143 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 31 of Over the Border: A Romance contain?

Chapter 31 holds 143 sentences of Over the Border: A Romance, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 31 of Over the Border: A Romance by Robert Barr exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 143 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 31 of Over the Border: A Romance?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 31 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 31 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Over the Border: A Romance

Common questions about reading Over the Border: A Romance by Robert Barr on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Over the Border: A Romance?

Yes. All 5983 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #55327 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Over the Border: A Romance is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #55327, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Over the Border: A Romance take to read?

About 498 minutes of reading across 1197 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Over the Border: A Romance section by section

How to work through Over the Border: A Romance section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 32 chapters of Over the Border: A Romance to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Over the Border: A Romance

Words and structures a reader meets early in Over the Border: A Romance, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

October
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Over the Border: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Usually
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Over the Border: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Beginning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Over the Border: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
November
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Over the Border: A Romance; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.