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Overshadowed: A Novel
Overshadowed: A Novel

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Overshadowed: A Novel is here in full — 45 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Overshadowed: A Novel
Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE CAUSE REVEALED BUT NOT REMOVED.
The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.
To all intents and purposes, Erma Wysong was an orphan.
Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.
Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Overshadowed: A Novel

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Overshadowed: A Novel is here in full — 45 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE CAUSE REVEALED BUT NOT REMOVED.
/ðə kɑːz rɪˈviːld bʌt nɑːt riˈmuːvd/
Line 2
The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.
Line 3
To all intents and purposes, Erma Wysong was an orphan.
Line 4
Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.
/hɜːr ˈmʌðər ə ˈniːɡroʊ ˈwʊmən wɑːz naʊ ded ˈhævɪŋ pæst əˈweɪ tuː jɪrz sɪns/
Line 5
Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Confederacy noun US /kənˈfedərəsi/

the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861

From this reading “The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.”

famed adjective US /feɪmd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading “The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.”

intents noun US /ˌɪnˈtents/

plural of “intent” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading “To all intents and purposes, Erma Wysong was an orphan.”

Negro noun US /ˈniːɡroʊ/

a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading “Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.”

orphan noun US /ˈɔːrfən/

a child who has lost both parents

From this reading “To all intents and purposes, Erma Wysong was an orphan.”

purposes noun US /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading “To all intents and purposes, Erma Wysong was an orphan.”

Richmond noun US /ˈrɪtʃmənd/

capital of the state of Virginia located in the east central part of the state; was capital of the Confederacy during the American Civil War

From this reading “The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.”

texture noun US /ˈtekstʃər/

the feel of a surface or a fabric

From this reading “Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

two years noun + noun

In this reading “Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.”

passed away verb + particle counted as “pass away”

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

In this reading “Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.”

on the subject preposition + article + noun counted as “on … subject”

In this reading “Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.”

Negro woman noun + noun

In this reading “Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading To all intents and purposes, Erma Wysong was an orphan.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading To all intents and purposes, Erma Wysong was an orphan.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading To all intents and purposes, Erma Wysong was an orphan.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

BUTconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE CAUSE REVEALED BUT NOT REMOVED.

capitalnounUS /ˈkæpətəl/

assets available for use in the production of further assets

From this reading The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.

CAUSEnounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading THE CAUSE REVEALED BUT NOT REMOVED.

colornounUS /ˈkʌlər/

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

ConfederacynounUS /kənˈfedərəsi/

the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861

From this reading The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.

Erma

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To all intents and purposes, Erma Wysong was an orphan.

famedadjectiveUS /feɪmd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.

HerdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.

ill-fatedadjective

marked by or promising bad fortune

From this reading The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.

intentsnounUS /ˌɪnˈtents/

plural of “intent” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading To all intents and purposes, Erma Wysong was an orphan.

knewverbUS /nuː/

inflected form of “know” — be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

NegronounUS /ˈniːɡroʊ/

a person with African ancestry, "Negro" and "Negroid" are archaic and pejorative today

From this reading Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.

NOTadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE CAUSE REVEALED BUT NOT REMOVED.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.

orphannounUS /ˈɔːrfən/

a child who has lost both parents

From this reading To all intents and purposes, Erma Wysong was an orphan.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.

parentsnounUS /ˈperənts/

plural of “parent” — a father or mother; one who begets or one who gives birth to or nurtures and raises a child; a relative who plays the role of guardian

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading To all intents and purposes, Erma Wysong was an orphan.

REMOVEDadjectiveUS /riˈmuːvd/

separated in relationship by a given degree of descent

From this reading THE CAUSE REVEALED BUT NOT REMOVED.

REVEALEDverbUS /rɪˈviːld/

past form of “reveal” — make visible

From this reading THE CAUSE REVEALED BUT NOT REMOVED.

RichmondnounUS /ˈrɪtʃmənd/

capital of the state of Virginia located in the east central part of the state; was capital of the Confederacy during the American Civil War

From this reading The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.

silentadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənt/

marked by absence of sound

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.

skinnounUS /skɪn/

a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

SouthernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

texturenounUS /ˈtekstʃər/

the feel of a surface or a fabric

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE CAUSE REVEALED BUT NOT REMOVED.

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading To all intents and purposes, Erma Wysong was an orphan.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.

Vanoun

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The scene of the opening of our story was Richmond, Va., the far famed capital of the ill-fated Southern Confederacy.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading Though her parents had been silent on the subject, Erma now knew from the color of her skin and the texture of her hair that her father must have been white.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.

Wysong

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To all intents and purposes, Erma Wysong was an orphan.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Her mother, a Negro woman, was now dead, having passed away two years since.

Chapter 3 of Overshadowed: A Novel by Sutton E. (Sutton Elbert) Griggs holds 45 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Overshadowed: A Novel contain?

Chapter 3 holds 45 sentences of Overshadowed: A Novel, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Overshadowed: A Novel by Sutton E. (Sutton Elbert) Griggs exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 45 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Overshadowed: A Novel?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Overshadowed: A Novel

Common questions about reading Overshadowed: A Novel by Sutton E. (Sutton Elbert) Griggs on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Overshadowed: A Novel?

Yes. All 2467 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #36033 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Overshadowed: A Novel is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #36033, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Overshadowed: A Novel take to read?

About 205 minutes of reading across 494 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Overshadowed: A Novel section by section

How to work through Overshadowed: A Novel section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 28 chapters of Overshadowed: A Novel to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Overshadowed: A Novel

Words and structures a reader meets early in Overshadowed: A Novel, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Novel
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Overshadowed: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Overshadowed: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Imperium
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Overshadowed: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Imperio
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Overshadowed: A Novel; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.