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Oxford Mountaineering Essays
Oxford Mountaineering Essays

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Oxford Mountaineering Essays is here in full — 444 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/88 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Bold text delimited with equal signs, italic text delimited with underscores.]
Oxford, they tell us, is the home of movements; Cambridge the home of men.
Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.
It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.
To Mr. Young the editor and contributors have been indebted for constant help and advice.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Oxford Mountaineering Essays

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of Oxford Mountaineering Essays is here in full — 444 sentences across 89 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/88 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Bold text delimited with equal signs, italic text delimited with underscores.]
Line 2
Oxford, they tell us, is the home of movements; Cambridge the home of men.
/ˈɑːksfərd ðeɪ tel ʌs ɪz ðə hoʊm ʌv ˈmuːvmənts ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ ðə hoʊm ʌv men/
Line 3
Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.
/ˈsɜːrtənli ðə ˈmɪniətʃʊr ˈmuːvmənt ðæt tʊk ʃeɪp ɪn ðɪs ˈlɪtəl bʊk wɑːz ˌɪnˈspaɪərd baɪ ə ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ mæn/
Line 4
It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.
Line 5
To Mr. Young the editor and contributors have been indebted for constant help and advice.
/tuː ˈmɪstər jʌŋ ðə ˈedətər ənd kənˈtrɪbjətərz hæv bɪn ˌɪnˈdetɪd fɔːr ˈkɑːnstənt help ənd ædˈvaɪs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

contributors noun US /kənˈtrɪbjətərz/

plural of “contributor” — someone who contributes (or promises to contribute) a sum of money

From this reading “To Mr. Young the editor and contributors have been indebted for constant help and advice.”

essays noun US /eˈseɪz/

plural of “essay” — an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading “It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.”

indebted adjective US /ˌɪnˈdetɪd/

owing gratitude or recognition to another for help or favors etc

From this reading “To Mr. Young the editor and contributors have been indebted for constant help and advice.”

italic noun US /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading “Bold text delimited with equal signs, italic text delimited with underscores.]”

miniature noun US /ˈmɪniətʃʊr/

painting or drawing included in a book (especially in illuminated medieval manuscripts)

From this reading “Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.”

ultimately adverb US /ˈʌltəmətli/

as the end result of a succession or process

From this reading “It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.”

unashamedly adverb US /ˌʌnəˈʃeɪmədli/

without shame

From this reading “It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.”

underscores noun US /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

From this reading “Bold text delimited with equal signs, italic text delimited with underscores.]”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

first impulse adjective + noun

In this reading “It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.”

little book adjective + noun

In this reading “Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.”

All words in this reading · 68

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.

advicenounUS /ædˈvaɪs/

a proposal for an appropriate course of action

From this reading To Mr. Young the editor and contributors have been indebted for constant help and advice.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

BoldadjectiveUS /boʊld/

fearless and daring

From this reading Bold text delimited with equal signs, italic text delimited with underscores.]

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.

CambridgenounUS /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/

a university in England

From this reading Oxford, they tell us, is the home of movements; Cambridge the home of men.

CertainlyadverbUS /ˈsɜːrtənli/

definitely or positively (“sure” is sometimes used informally for “surely”)

From this reading Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.

collectionnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading To Mr. Young the editor and contributors have been indebted for constant help and advice.

contributorsnounUS /kənˈtrɪbjətərz/

plural of “contributor” — someone who contributes (or promises to contribute) a sum of money

From this reading To Mr. Young the editor and contributors have been indebted for constant help and advice.

delimitedadjective

having the limits or boundaries established

From this reading Bold text delimited with equal signs, italic text delimited with underscores.]

editornounUS /ˈedətər/

a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading To Mr. Young the editor and contributors have been indebted for constant help and advice.

equalverbUS /ˈiːkwəl/

be identical or equivalent to

From this reading Bold text delimited with equal signs, italic text delimited with underscores.]

essaysnounUS /eˈseɪz/

plural of “essay” — an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading To Mr. Young the editor and contributors have been indebted for constant help and advice.

GnounUS /dʒiː/

a metric unit of weight equal to one thousandth of a kilogram

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading To Mr. Young the editor and contributors have been indebted for constant help and advice.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading To Mr. Young the editor and contributors have been indebted for constant help and advice.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Oxford, they tell us, is the home of movements; Cambridge the home of men.

impulsenounUS /ˈɪmpəls/

an instinctive motive

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.

indebtedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdetɪd/

owing gratitude or recognition to another for help or favors etc

From this reading To Mr. Young the editor and contributors have been indebted for constant help and advice.

inspiredadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈspaɪərd/

being of such surpassing excellence as to suggest inspiration by the gods

From this reading Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Oxford, they tell us, is the home of movements; Cambridge the home of men.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

italicnounUS /aɪˈtælɪk/

a style of handwriting with the letters slanting to the right

From this reading Bold text delimited with equal signs, italic text delimited with underscores.]

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Oxford, they tell us, is the home of movements; Cambridge the home of men.

metaphysic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

miniaturenounUS /ˈmɪniətʃʊr/

painting or drawing included in a book (especially in illuminated medieval manuscripts)

From this reading Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.

movementsnounUS /ˈmuːvmənts/

plural of “movement” — a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading Oxford, they tell us, is the home of movements; Cambridge the home of men.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Oxford, they tell us, is the home of movements; Cambridge the home of men.

OxfordnounUS /ˈɑːksfərd/

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading Oxford, they tell us, is the home of movements; Cambridge the home of men.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

schemenounUS /skiːm/

an elaborate and systematic plan of action

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

shapenounUS /ʃeɪp/

any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)

From this reading Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.

signsnounUS /saɪnz/

plural of “sign” — a perceptible indication of something not immediately apparent (as a visible clue that something has happened)

From this reading Bold text delimited with equal signs, italic text delimited with underscores.]

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

tea-party

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading Oxford, they tell us, is the home of movements; Cambridge the home of men.

textnounUS /tekst/

the words of something written

From this reading Bold text delimited with equal signs, italic text delimited with underscores.]

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Oxford, they tell us, is the home of movements; Cambridge the home of men.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Oxford, they tell us, is the home of movements; Cambridge the home of men.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.

ultimatelyadverbUS /ˈʌltəmətli/

as the end result of a succession or process

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

unashamedlyadverbUS /ˌʌnəˈʃeɪmədli/

without shame

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

underscoresnounUS /ˌʌndərˈskɔːrz/

plural of “underscore” — a line drawn underneath (especially under written matter)

From this reading Bold text delimited with equal signs, italic text delimited with underscores.]

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Oxford, they tell us, is the home of movements; Cambridge the home of men.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Certainly the miniature movement that took shape in this little book was inspired by a Cambridge man.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

Winthrop

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Bold text delimited with equal signs, italic text delimited with underscores.]

YoungadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading It was at an Oxford tea-party, where the talk had been unashamedly of mountains and their metaphysic, that Mr. G. Winthrop Young gave the first impulse to the scheme that ultimately produced this collection of essays.

Chapter 1 of Oxford Mountaineering Essays by Arnold [Editor] Lunn holds 444 sentences, grouped into 89 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Oxford Mountaineering Essays contain?

Chapter 1 holds 444 sentences of Oxford Mountaineering Essays, unabridged, divided into 89 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Oxford Mountaineering Essays by Arnold [Editor] Lunn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 444 sentences, grouped into 89 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Oxford Mountaineering Essays?

Work through the 89 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 89 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Oxford Mountaineering Essays

Common questions about reading Oxford Mountaineering Essays by Arnold [Editor] Lunn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Oxford Mountaineering Essays?

Yes. All 1741 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56063 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Oxford Mountaineering Essays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56063, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Oxford Mountaineering Essays take to read?

About 145 minutes of reading across 349 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Oxford Mountaineering Essays section by section

How to work through Oxford Mountaineering Essays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Oxford Mountaineering Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in Oxford Mountaineering Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Delimited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Oxford Mountaineering Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Oxford Mountaineering Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Signs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Oxford Mountaineering Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Oxford Mountaineering Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.