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Oxford Mountaineering Essays
Oxford Mountaineering Essays

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Oxford Mountaineering Essays is here in full — 461 sentences across 93 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/92 · 5 lines
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A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.
It is difficult to recognise in their precipices the gentle slopes of Skiddaw and Helvellyn.
We cannot see things through their eyes.
It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.
They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Oxford Mountaineering Essays

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of Oxford Mountaineering Essays is here in full — 461 sentences across 93 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/92 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.
/ə ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən ɔːr tuː ˈleɪtər keɪm ðə fɜːrst riːl ɪkˈsplɔːrərz ʌv ˈaʊər hɪlz ənd left bɪˈhaɪnd ðem ə rəˈkɔːrd ʌv ðer senˈseɪʃənz ɪn ˈlæŋɡwədʒ wɪtʃ meɪks ˈveri ˈkjʊriəs ˈriːdɪŋ ˈnaʊədeɪz/
Line 2
It is difficult to recognise in their precipices the gentle slopes of Skiddaw and Helvellyn.
Line 3
We cannot see things through their eyes.
Line 4
It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.
/ɪt ɪz ˈiːzi tuː læf æt ðer ekˈstrævəɡənt ɪkˈspreʃənz bʌt pərˈhæps ˈæftər ɔːl ðerz wɑːz ðə ˈɡoʊldən eɪdʒ ʌv ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ ˈmaʊntɪnɪrɪŋ/
Line 5
They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.
/ðeɪ left ðə ˈvæliz wer men dwel wɪð ðə ædˈventʃərəs ˌekspekˈteɪʃən ʌv ˈvɔɪɪdʒərz ɑːn ənˈtʃɑːrtɪd siːz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adventurous adjective US /ædˈventʃərəs/

willing to undertake or seeking out new and daring enterprises

From this reading “They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.”

explorers noun US /ɪkˈsplɔːrərz/

plural of “explorer” — someone who travels into little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose)

From this reading “A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.”

extravagant adjective US /ekˈstrævəɡənt/

unrestrained, especially with regard to feelings

From this reading “It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.”

Mountaineering noun US /ˈmaʊntɪnɪrɪŋ/

the activity of climbing a mountain

From this reading “It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.”

recognise verb US /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/

show approval or appreciation of

From this reading “It is difficult to recognise in their precipices the gentle slopes of Skiddaw and Helvellyn.”

sensations noun US /senˈseɪʃənz/

plural of “sensation” — an unelaborated elementary awareness of stimulation

From this reading “A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.”

uncharted adjective US /ənˈtʃɑːrtɪd/

(of unknown regions) not yet surveyed or investigated

From this reading “They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.”

voyagers noun US /ˈvɔɪɪdʒərz/

plural of “voyager” — a traveler to a distant land (especially one who travels by sea)

From this reading “They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

gentle slopes adjective + noun counted as “gentle slope”

In this reading “It is difficult to recognise in their precipices the gentle slopes of Skiddaw and Helvellyn.”

Golden Age adjective + noun

a time period when some activity or skill was at its peak

In this reading “It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.”

dwell with verb + particle

In this reading “They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

adventurousadjectiveUS /ædˈventʃərəs/

willing to undertake or seeking out new and daring enterprises

From this reading They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.

AgenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We cannot see things through their eyes.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading It is difficult to recognise in their precipices the gentle slopes of Skiddaw and Helvellyn.

dwellverbUS /dwel/

think moodily or anxiously about something

From this reading They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.

expectationnounUS /ˌekspekˈteɪʃən/

belief about (or mental picture of) the future

From this reading They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.

explorersnounUS /ɪkˈsplɔːrərz/

plural of “explorer” — someone who travels into little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose)

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

expressionsnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃənz/

plural of “expression” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.

extravagantadjectiveUS /ekˈstrævəɡənt/

unrestrained, especially with regard to feelings

From this reading It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading We cannot see things through their eyes.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

gentleadjectiveUS /ˈdʒentəl/

soft and mild; not harsh or stern or severe

From this reading It is difficult to recognise in their precipices the gentle slopes of Skiddaw and Helvellyn.

GoldenadjectiveUS /ˈɡoʊldən/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.

Helvellyn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is difficult to recognise in their precipices the gentle slopes of Skiddaw and Helvellyn.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is difficult to recognise in their precipices the gentle slopes of Skiddaw and Helvellyn.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is difficult to recognise in their precipices the gentle slopes of Skiddaw and Helvellyn.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

lateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

laughnounUS /læf/

the sound of laughing

From this reading It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.

MountaineeringnounUS /ˈmaʊntɪnɪrɪŋ/

the activity of climbing a mountain

From this reading It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.

nowadaysnounUS /ˈnaʊədeɪz/

the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.

precipices

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is difficult to recognise in their precipices the gentle slopes of Skiddaw and Helvellyn.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

recogniseverbUS /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/

show approval or appreciation of

From this reading It is difficult to recognise in their precipices the gentle slopes of Skiddaw and Helvellyn.

recordnounUS /rəˈkɔːrd/

anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

seasnounUS /siːz/

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading We cannot see things through their eyes.

sensationsnounUS /senˈseɪʃənz/

plural of “sensation” — an unelaborated elementary awareness of stimulation

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

Skiddaw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is difficult to recognise in their precipices the gentle slopes of Skiddaw and Helvellyn.

slopesnounUS /sloʊps/

plural of “slope” — an elevated geological formation

From this reading It is difficult to recognise in their precipices the gentle slopes of Skiddaw and Helvellyn.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

theirspronounUS /ðerz/

the one or ones belonging to them

From this reading It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading We cannot see things through their eyes.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading We cannot see things through their eyes.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It is difficult to recognise in their precipices the gentle slopes of Skiddaw and Helvellyn.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

unchartedadjectiveUS /ənˈtʃɑːrtɪd/

(of unknown regions) not yet surveyed or investigated

From this reading They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.

valleysnounUS /ˈvæliz/

plural of “valley” — a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

voyagersnounUS /ˈvɔɪɪdʒərz/

plural of “voyager” — a traveler to a distant land (especially one who travels by sea)

From this reading They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is easy to laugh at their extravagant expressions, but perhaps after all theirs was the Golden Age of English Mountaineering.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We cannot see things through their eyes.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading A generation or two later came the first real explorers of our hills, and left behind them a record of their sensations in language which makes very curious reading nowadays.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading They left the valleys where men dwell with the adventurous expectation of voyagers on uncharted seas.

Chapter 3 of Oxford Mountaineering Essays by Arnold [Editor] Lunn holds 461 sentences, grouped into 93 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Oxford Mountaineering Essays contain?

Chapter 3 holds 461 sentences of Oxford Mountaineering Essays, unabridged, divided into 93 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Oxford Mountaineering Essays by Arnold [Editor] Lunn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 461 sentences, grouped into 93 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Oxford Mountaineering Essays?

Work through the 93 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 93 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Oxford Mountaineering Essays

Common questions about reading Oxford Mountaineering Essays by Arnold [Editor] Lunn on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Oxford Mountaineering Essays?

Yes. All 1741 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56063 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Oxford Mountaineering Essays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56063, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Oxford Mountaineering Essays take to read?

About 145 minutes of reading across 349 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Oxford Mountaineering Essays section by section

How to work through Oxford Mountaineering Essays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Oxford Mountaineering Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in Oxford Mountaineering Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Delimited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Oxford Mountaineering Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Oxford Mountaineering Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Signs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Oxford Mountaineering Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Italic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Oxford Mountaineering Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.