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Palaces and prisons
Palaces and prisons

Chapter XL · The Prisons

Chapter XL of Palaces and prisons, “The Prisons,” is here in full — 228 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/45 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Subjects exist from which the pen shrinks away shuddering.
Of such is the Reign of Terror, now fully inaugurated.
The royal family were close prisoners in the Temple.
The few friends that remained faithful to the last, had been massacred or were fugitives.
On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Palaces and prisons

Chapter XL · The Prisons

Chapter XL of Palaces and prisons, “The Prisons,” is here in full — 228 sentences across 46 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/45 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Subjects exist from which the pen shrinks away shuddering.
/ˈsʌbdʒɪkts ɪɡˈzɪst frʌm wɪtʃ ðə pen ʃrɪŋks əˈweɪ ˈʃʌdərɪŋ/
Line 2
Of such is the Reign of Terror, now fully inaugurated.
/ʌv sʌtʃ ɪz ðə reɪn ʌv ˈterər naʊ ˈfʊli ɪˈnɔːɡəreɪtɪd/
Line 3
The royal family were close prisoners in the Temple.
/ðə ˈrɔɪəl ˈfæməli wɜːr kloʊs ˈprɪzənərz ɪn ðə ˈtempəl/
Line 4
The few friends that remained faithful to the last, had been massacred or were fugitives.
/ðə fjuː frendz ðæt rɪˈmeɪnd ˈfeɪθfəl tuː ðə læst hæd bɪn ˈmæsəkərd ɔːr wɜːr ˈfjuːdʒɪtɪvz/
Line 5
On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crowning adjective US /ˈkraʊnɪŋ/

representing a level of the highest possible achievement or attainment

From this reading “On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.”

hindrance noun US /ˈhɪndrəns/

something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress

From this reading “On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.”

inaugurated verb US /ɪˈnɔːɡəreɪtɪd/

past form of “inaugurate” — commence officially

From this reading “Of such is the Reign of Terror, now fully inaugurated.”

instigated verb US /ˈɪnstəɡeɪtɪd/

past form of “instigate” — provoke or stir up

From this reading “On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.”

massacre verb US /ˈmæsəkər/

kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading “On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.”

massacred verb US /ˈmæsəkərd/

past form of “massacre” — kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading “The few friends that remained faithful to the last, had been massacred or were fugitives.”

perpetrated verb US /ˈpɜːrpətreɪtɪd/

past form of “perpetrate” — perform an act, usually with a negative connotation

From this reading “On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.”

shrinks noun US /ʃrɪŋks/

plural of “shrink” — a physician who specializes in psychiatry

From this reading “Subjects exist from which the pen shrinks away shuddering.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

royal family adjective + noun

royal persons collectively

In this reading “The royal family were close prisoners in the Temple.”

remained faithful verb + adjective counted as “remain faithful”

In this reading “The few friends that remained faithful to the last, had been massacred or were fugitives.”

instigated by verb + particle counted as “instigate by”

In this reading “On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.”

shrinks away verb + particle counted as “shrink away”

In this reading “Subjects exist from which the pen shrinks away shuddering.”

Reign of verb + particle

In this reading “Of such is the Reign of Terror, now fully inaugurated.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1792

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

Ablaye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Subjects exist from which the pen shrinks away shuddering.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The few friends that remained faithful to the last, had been massacred or were fugitives.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

Carmes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

checkverbUS /tʃek/

examine so as to determine accuracy, quality, or condition

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading The royal family were close prisoners in the Temple.

crowningadjectiveUS /ˈkraʊnɪŋ/

representing a level of the highest possible achievement or attainment

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

DesnounUS /des/

a potent estrogen used in medicine and in feed for livestock and poultry

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

existverbUS /ɪɡˈzɪst/

have an existence, be extant

From this reading Subjects exist from which the pen shrinks away shuddering.

faithfuladjectiveUS /ˈfeɪθfəl/

steadfast in affection or allegiance

From this reading The few friends that remained faithful to the last, had been massacred or were fugitives.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading The royal family were close prisoners in the Temple.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The few friends that remained faithful to the last, had been massacred or were fugitives.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading The few friends that remained faithful to the last, had been massacred or were fugitives.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Subjects exist from which the pen shrinks away shuddering.

fugitivesnounUS /ˈfjuːdʒɪtɪvz/

plural of “fugitive” — someone who flees from an uncongenial situation

From this reading The few friends that remained faithful to the last, had been massacred or were fugitives.

fullyadverbUS /ˈfʊli/

to the greatest degree or extent; completely or entirely; (“full” in this sense is used as a combining form)

From this reading Of such is the Reign of Terror, now fully inaugurated.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The few friends that remained faithful to the last, had been massacred or were fugitives.

hindrancenounUS /ˈhɪndrəns/

something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or progress

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

horribleadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːrəbəl/

provoking horror

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The royal family were close prisoners in the Temple.

inauguratedverbUS /ɪˈnɔːɡəreɪtɪd/

past form of “inaugurate” — commence officially

From this reading Of such is the Reign of Terror, now fully inaugurated.

instigatedverbUS /ˈɪnstəɡeɪtɪd/

past form of “instigate” — provoke or stir up

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Of such is the Reign of Terror, now fully inaugurated.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The few friends that remained faithful to the last, had been massacred or were fugitives.

massacreverbUS /ˈmæsəkər/

kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

massacredverbUS /ˈmæsəkərd/

past form of “massacre” — kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading The few friends that remained faithful to the last, had been massacred or were fugitives.

mobnounUS /mɑːb/

a disorderly crowd of people

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Of such is the Reign of Terror, now fully inaugurated.

OfprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Of such is the Reign of Terror, now fully inaugurated.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The few friends that remained faithful to the last, had been massacred or were fugitives.

pennounUS /pen/

a writing implement with a point from which ink flows

From this reading Subjects exist from which the pen shrinks away shuddering.

perpetratedverbUS /ˈpɜːrpətreɪtɪd/

past form of “perpetrate” — perform an act, usually with a negative connotation

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

prisonersnounUS /ˈprɪzənərz/

plural of “prisoner” — a person who is confined; especially a prisoner of war

From this reading The royal family were close prisoners in the Temple.

ReignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading Of such is the Reign of Terror, now fully inaugurated.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading The few friends that remained faithful to the last, had been massacred or were fugitives.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading The royal family were close prisoners in the Temple.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

secretlyadverbUS /ˈsiːkrɪtli/

in secrecy; not openly

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

shrinksnounUS /ʃrɪŋks/

plural of “shrink” — a physician who specializes in psychiatry

From this reading Subjects exist from which the pen shrinks away shuddering.

shudderingadjectiveUS /ˈʃʌdərɪŋ/

shaking convulsively or violently

From this reading Subjects exist from which the pen shrinks away shuddering.

SubjectsnounUS /ˈsʌbdʒɪkts/

plural of “subject” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading Subjects exist from which the pen shrinks away shuddering.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Of such is the Reign of Terror, now fully inaugurated.

TemplenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading The royal family were close prisoners in the Temple.

TerrornounUS /ˈterər/

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading Of such is the Reign of Terror, now fully inaugurated.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The few friends that remained faithful to the last, had been massacred or were fugitives.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Subjects exist from which the pen shrinks away shuddering.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The few friends that remained faithful to the last, had been massacred or were fugitives.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The royal family were close prisoners in the Temple.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Subjects exist from which the pen shrinks away shuddering.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading On the second of September, 1792, the Ablaye and Des Carmes were forced open by a mob, secretly instigated by the government, and the crowning massacre of those horrible times was perpetrated without check or hindrance.

Chapter 40 of Palaces and prisons by Ann S. (Ann Sophia) Stephens holds 228 sentences, grouped into 46 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 40 of Palaces and prisons contain?

Chapter 40 holds 228 sentences of Palaces and prisons, unabridged, divided into 46 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 40 of Palaces and prisons by Ann S. (Ann Sophia) Stephens exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 228 sentences, grouped into 46 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 40 of Palaces and prisons?

Work through the 46 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 46 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 40 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 40 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Palaces and prisons

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Vocabulary met early in Palaces and prisons

Words and structures a reader meets early in Palaces and prisons, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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