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Pals
Pals

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Pals is here in full — 397 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.
There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.
When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.
Now that the fight is over, both sides settle down to supper in the best of humours.
The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Pals

Chapter XI

Chapter 11 of Pals is here in full — 397 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.
/ðə ɡɜːrlz naʊ ˈrɪli ˈterəfaɪd niːd noʊ ˈpreʃər tuː liːv soʊ ðeɪ ˈskɜːri frʌm ðə fiːld ənd riːtʃ ðer ˈhɔːrsəz sʌm ˈdɪstəns bɪˈɑːnd spɪr riːtʃ/
Line 2
There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.
/ðer ðeɪ wɑːtʃ ðə taɪd ʌv ˈbætəl æz ɪt ebz ənd floʊz ənˈtɪl ɪt daɪz wɪtʃ ɪt ɪz nɑːt lɔːŋ ɪn ˈduːɪŋ frʌm ɪts ˈveri ˈvaɪələns/
Line 3
When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.
/wen ðə ˈkæʒəwəltiz wɜːr ˈrekənd ɪt wɑːz faʊnd ðæt moʊst ʌv ðə kəmˈbætənts hæd rəˈsiːvd ˈbruːzəz ɔːr ˈɡæʃəz lɪmz wɜːr ˈbroʊkən bʌt ðə ˈoʊnli fəˈtælɪtiz wɜːr ðoʊz ʌv ðə lædz huː bɪˈɡæn ðə ˈkwɔːrəl/
Line 4
Now that the fight is over, both sides settle down to supper in the best of humours.
Line 5
The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

casualties noun US /ˈkæʒəwəltiz/

plural of “casualty” — someone injured or killed or captured or missing in a military engagement

From this reading “When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.”

ebbs noun US /ebz/

plural of “ebb” — a gradual decline (in size or strength or power or number)

From this reading “There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.”

fatalities noun US /fəˈtælɪtiz/

plural of “fatality” — a death resulting from an accident or a disaster

From this reading “When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.”

gashes noun US /ˈɡæʃəz/

plural of “gash” — a wound made by cutting

From this reading “When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.”

handfuls noun US /ˈhændfʊlz/

plural of “handful” — a small number or amount

From this reading “The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.”

hunches noun US /ˈhʌntʃɪz/

plural of “hunch” — an impression that something might be the case

From this reading “The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.”

kangaroo noun US /ˌkæŋɡərˈuː/

any of several herbivorous leaping marsupials of Australia and New Guinea having large powerful hind legs and a long thick tail

From this reading “The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.”

scurry verb US /ˈskɜːri/

to move about or proceed hurriedly

From this reading “The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

settle down verb + adjective

settle into a position, usually on a surface or ground

In this reading “Now that the fight is over, both sides settle down to supper in the best of humours.”

some distance adjective + noun

In this reading “The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.”

from the field preposition + article + noun counted as “from … field”

In this reading “The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Now that the fight is over, both sides settle down to supper in the best of humours.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Now that the fight is over, both sides settle down to supper in the best of humours.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

bruisesnounUS /ˈbruːzəz/

plural of “bruise” — an injury that doesn't break the skin but results in some discoloration

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

casualtiesnounUS /ˈkæʒəwəltiz/

plural of “casualty” — someone injured or killed or captured or missing in a military engagement

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

cleanedverbUS /kliːnd/

past form of “clean” — make clean by removing dirt, filth, or unwanted substances from

From this reading The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.

combatantsnounUS /kəmˈbætənts/

plural of “combatant” — someone who fights (or is fighting)

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

diesnounUS /daɪz/

plural of “die” — a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Now that the fight is over, both sides settle down to supper in the best of humours.

ebbsnounUS /ebz/

plural of “ebb” — a gradual decline (in size or strength or power or number)

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

fashionnounUS /ˈfæʃən/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.

fatalitiesnounUS /fəˈtælɪtiz/

plural of “fatality” — a death resulting from an accident or a disaster

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading Now that the fight is over, both sides settle down to supper in the best of humours.

flowsnounUS /floʊz/

plural of “flow” — the motion characteristic of fluids (liquids or gases)

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

friendshipsnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪps/

plural of “friendship” — the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

gashesnounUS /ˈɡæʃəz/

plural of “gash” — a wound made by cutting

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

handfulsnounUS /ˈhændfʊlz/

plural of “handful” — a small number or amount

From this reading The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

humours

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now that the fight is over, both sides settle down to supper in the best of humours.

hunchesnounUS /ˈhʌntʃɪz/

plural of “hunch” — an impression that something might be the case

From this reading The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

kangaroonounUS /ˌkæŋɡərˈuː/

any of several herbivorous leaping marsupials of Australia and New Guinea having large powerful hind legs and a long thick tail

From this reading The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.

ladsnounUS /lædz/

plural of “lad” — a boy or man

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

limbsnounUS /lɪmz/

plural of “limb” — one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

lusciousadjectiveUS /ˈlʌʃɪs/

having strong sexual appeal

From this reading The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Now that the fight is over, both sides settle down to supper in the best of humours.

pressurenounUS /ˈpreʃər/

the force applied to a unit area of surface; measured in pascals (SI unit) or in dynes (cgs unit)

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

primitiveadjectiveUS /ˈprɪmətɪv/

belonging to an early stage of technical development; characterized by simplicity and (often) crudeness

From this reading The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.

quarrelnounUS /ˈkwɔːrəl/

an angry dispute

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

reckonedverbUS /ˈrekənd/

past form of “reckon” — expect, believe, or suppose

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

renewedadjectiveUS /rɪˈnuːd/

restored to a new condition

From this reading The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.

roastverbUS /roʊst/

cook with dry heat, usually in an oven

From this reading The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.

scurryverbUS /ˈskɜːri/

to move about or proceed hurriedly

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

settleverbUS /ˈsetəl/

settle into a position, usually on a surface or ground

From this reading Now that the fight is over, both sides settle down to supper in the best of humours.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Now that the fight is over, both sides settle down to supper in the best of humours.

slatenounUS /sleɪt/

(formerly) a writing tablet made of slate

From this reading The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

spearnounUS /spɪr/

a long pointed rod used as a tool or weapon

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

suppernounUS /ˈsʌpər/

a light evening meal; served in early evening if dinner is at midday or served late in the evening at bedtime

From this reading Now that the fight is over, both sides settle down to supper in the best of humours.

terrifiedadjectiveUS /ˈterəfaɪd/

thrown into a state of intense fear or desperation

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

tidenounUS /taɪd/

the periodic rise and fall of the sea level under the gravitational pull of the moon

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The girls, now really terrified, need no pressure to leave; so they scurry from the field and reach their horses, some distance beyond spear reach.

tree-grubs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The slate has been cleaned in this primitive fashion, and now friendships are renewed over handfuls of luscious tree-grubs and hunches of roast kangaroo.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

violencenounUS /ˈvaɪələns/

an act of aggression (as one against a person who resists)

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

watchverbUS /wɑːtʃ/

look attentively

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There they watch the tide of battle as it ebbs and flows until it dies, which it is not long in doing, from its very violence.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading When the casualties were reckoned it was found that most of the combatants had received bruises or gashes, limbs were broken, but the only fatalities were those of the lads who began the quarrel.

Chapter 11 of Pals by Joseph Bowes holds 397 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Pals contain?

Chapter 11 holds 397 sentences of Pals, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Pals by Joseph Bowes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 397 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Pals?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Pals

Common questions about reading Pals by Joseph Bowes on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Pals?

Yes. All 5711 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44369 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Pals is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44369, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Pals take to read?

About 475 minutes of reading across 1143 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Pals section by section

How to work through Pals section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of Pals to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Pals

Words and structures a reader meets early in Pals, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Introduction
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pals; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bushrangers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pals; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Desperate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pals; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Encounter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pals; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.