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Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded
Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded is here in full — 18 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded
Context Illustration Reading 1/3 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
[In answer to the preceding.]
Your letter was indeed a great trouble, and some comfort, to me and your poor mother.
We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.
But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.
Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded is here in full — 18 sentences across 4 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/3 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
[In answer to the preceding.]
/ɪn ˈænsər tuː ðə priˈsiːdɪŋ/
Line 2
Your letter was indeed a great trouble, and some comfort, to me and your poor mother.
/jɔːr ˈletər wɑːz ˌɪnˈdiːd ə ɡreɪt ˈtrʌbəl ənd sʌm ˈkʌmfərt tuː miː ənd jɔːr puːr ˈmʌðər/
Line 3
We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.
/wiː ɑːr ˈtrʌbəld tuː biː ʃʊr fɔːr jɔːr ɡʊd ˈleɪdiz deθ huː tʊk sʌtʃ ker ʌv juː ənd ɡeɪv juː ˈlɜːrnɪŋ ənd fɔːr θriː ɔːr fɔːr jɪrz pæst hæz ˈɔːlweɪz bɪn ˈɡɪvɪŋ juː kloʊðz ənd ˈlɪnən ənd ˈevəri θɪŋ ðæt ə ˈdʒentəlwʊmən niːd nɑːt biː əˈʃeɪmd tuː əˈpɪr ɪn/
Line 4
But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.
/bʌt ˈaʊər tʃiːf ˈtrʌbəl ɪz ənd ˌɪnˈdiːd ə ˈveri ɡreɪt wʌn fɔːr fɪr juː ʃʊd biː brɔːt tuː ˈeniθɪŋ dɪˈsɑːnəst ɔːr ˈwɪkəd baɪ ˈbiːɪŋ set soʊ əˈbʌv jərˈself/
Line 5
Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dishonest adjective US /dɪˈsɑːnəst/

deceptive or fraudulent; disposed to cheat or defraud or deceive

From this reading “But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.”

genteel adjective US /dʒenˈtiːl/

marked by refinement in taste and manners

From this reading “Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.”

gentlewoman noun US /ˈdʒentəlwʊmən/

a woman of refinement

From this reading “We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.”

lady's noun US /ˈleɪdiz/

possessive form of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

learning noun US /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading “We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.”

linen noun US /ˈlɪnən/

a fabric woven with fibers from the flax plant

From this reading “We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.”

preceding adjective US /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading “[In answer to the preceding.]”

talks noun US /tɔːks/

a discussion intended to produce an agreement

From this reading “Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Your letter was indeed a great trouble, and some comfort, to me and your poor mother.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Your letter was indeed a great trouble, and some comfort, to me and your poor mother.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading [In answer to the preceding.]

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

ashamedadjectiveUS /əˈʃeɪmd/

feeling shame or guilt or embarrassment or remorse

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

bodynounUS /ˈbɑːdi/

the entire physical structure of an organism (an animal, plant, or human being)

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

childnounUS /tʃaɪld/

a young person of either sex

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

comfortnounUS /ˈkʌmfərt/

a state of being relaxed and feeling no pain

From this reading Your letter was indeed a great trouble, and some comfort, to me and your poor mother.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

dishonestadjectiveUS /dɪˈsɑːnəst/

deceptive or fraudulent; disposed to cheat or defraud or deceive

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

fearverbUS /fɪr/

be afraid or feel anxious or apprehensive about a possible or probable situation or event

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

genteeladjectiveUS /dʒenˈtiːl/

marked by refinement in taste and manners

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

gentlewomannounUS /ˈdʒentəlwʊmən/

a woman of refinement

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

girlnounUS /ɡɜːrl/

a young female

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Your letter was indeed a great trouble, and some comfort, to me and your poor mother.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading [In answer to the preceding.]

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Your letter was indeed a great trouble, and some comfort, to me and your poor mother.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

lady'snounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

possessive form of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

learningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading Your letter was indeed a great trouble, and some comfort, to me and your poor mother.

linennounUS /ˈlɪnən/

a fabric woven with fibers from the flax plant

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Your letter was indeed a great trouble, and some comfort, to me and your poor mother.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading Your letter was indeed a great trouble, and some comfort, to me and your poor mother.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Your letter was indeed a great trouble, and some comfort, to me and your poor mother.

precedingadjectiveUS /priˈsiːdɪŋ/

existing or coming before

From this reading [In answer to the preceding.]

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Your letter was indeed a great trouble, and some comfort, to me and your poor mother.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

sureadjectiveUS /ʃʊr/

having or feeling no doubt or uncertainty; confident and assured

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

talksnounUS /tɔːks/

a discussion intended to produce an agreement

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading [In answer to the preceding.]

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading [In answer to the preceding.]

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

troublenounUS /ˈtrʌbəl/

a source of difficulty

From this reading Your letter was indeed a great trouble, and some comfort, to me and your poor mother.

troubledadjectiveUS /ˈtrʌbəld/

characterized by or indicative of distress or affliction or danger or need

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Your letter was indeed a great trouble, and some comfort, to me and your poor mother.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Every body talks how you have come on, and what a genteel girl you are; and some say you are very pretty; and, indeed, six months since, when I saw you last, I should have thought so myself, if you was not our child.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

wickedadjectiveUS /ˈwɪkəd/

morally bad in principle or practice

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading We are troubled, to be sure, for your good lady’s death, who took such care of you, and gave you learning, and, for three or four years past, has always been giving you clothes and linen, and every thing that a gentlewoman need not be ashamed to appear in.

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Your letter was indeed a great trouble, and some comfort, to me and your poor mother.

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading But our chief trouble is, and indeed a very great one, for fear you should be brought to anything dishonest or wicked, by being set so above yourself.

Chapter 1 of Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded by Samuel Richardson holds 18 sentences, grouped into 4 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded contain?

Chapter 1 holds 18 sentences of Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded, unabridged, divided into 4 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded by Samuel Richardson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 18 sentences, grouped into 4 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded?

Work through the 4 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 4 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded

Common questions about reading Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded by Samuel Richardson on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded?

Yes. All 7431 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #6124 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #6124, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1487 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded section by section

How to work through Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded

Words and structures a reader meets early in Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Answer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preceding
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Letter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Indeed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.