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Pan Tadeusz
Pan Tadeusz

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Pan Tadeusz is here in full — 317 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/63 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the PrussianMartial argument of Maciek the SprinklerPolitical argument of Pan BuchmannJankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknifeSpeech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquenceProtest of old MaciekThe sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultationDown with the Soplica!
IT came the turn of the deputy Bartek to state his case.
He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.
He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.
Thus he concluded his speech:— This is not, Pan Maciej, my brother, and revered father of us allthis is not aid to be despised.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Pan Tadeusz

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Pan Tadeusz is here in full — 317 sentences across 64 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/63 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the PrussianMartial argument of Maciek the SprinklerPolitical argument of Pan BuchmannJankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknifeSpeech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquenceProtest of old MaciekThe sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultationDown with the Soplica!
Line 2
IT came the turn of the deputy Bartek to state his case.
Line 3
He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.
Line 4
He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.
Line 5
Thus he concluded his speech:— “This is not, Pan Maciej, my brother, and revered father of us allthis is not aid to be despised.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

advises verb US /ædˈvaɪzɪz/

third-person singular of “advise” — give advice to

From this reading “ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!”

interrupts noun US /ˌɪntərˈʌpts/

plural of “interrupt” — a signal that temporarily stops the execution of a program so that another procedure can be carried out

From this reading “ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!”

potency noun US /ˈpoʊtənsi/

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading “ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!”

rafts noun US /ræfts/

a large number or amount

From this reading “He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.”

reinforcements noun US /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənts/

plural of “reinforcement” — a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission

From this reading “ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!”

Salutary adjective US /ˈsæljəteri/

tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health

From this reading “ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!”

Sprinkler noun US /ˈsprɪŋklər/

mechanical device that attaches to a garden hose for watering lawn or garden

From this reading “ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!”

versed noun US /vɜːrst/

an injectable form of benzodiazepine (trade name Versed) useful for sedation and for reducing pain during uncomfortable medical procedures

From this reading “He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

abruptlyadverbUS /əˈbrʌptli/

quickly and without warning

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

advancedadjectiveUS /ədˈvænst/

farther along in physical or mental development

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

advisesverbUS /ædˈvaɪzɪz/

third-person singular of “advise” — give advice to

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

aidnounUS /eɪd/

a person or thing that is a resource that helps make something easier or possible to do

From this reading Thus he concluded his speech:— “This is not, Pan Maciej, my brother, and revered father of us all—this is not aid to be despised.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Thus he concluded his speech:— “This is not, Pan Maciej, my brother, and revered father of us all—this is not aid to be despised.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Thus he concluded his speech:— “This is not, Pan Maciej, my brother, and revered father of us all—this is not aid to be despised.

apparentadjectiveUS /əˈperənt/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

ARGUMENTnounUS /ˈɑːrɡjəmənt/

a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

Bartek

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Thus he concluded his speech:— “This is not, Pan Maciej, my brother, and revered father of us all—this is not aid to be despised.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Thus he concluded his speech:— “This is not, Pan Maciej, my brother, and revered father of us all—this is not aid to be despised.

Buchmann

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading IT came the turn of the deputy Bartek to state his case.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading IT came the turn of the deputy Bartek to state his case.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

concludedadjectiveUS /kənˈkluːdəd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading Thus he concluded his speech:— “This is not, Pan Maciej, my brother, and revered father of us all—this is not aid to be despised.

consultationnounUS /ˌkɑːnsəlˈteɪʃən/

a conference (usually with someone important)

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

counselsnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəlz/

plural of “counsel” — a lawyer who pleads cases in court

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

deputynounUS /ˈdepjəti/

someone authorized to exercise the powers of sheriff in emergencies

From this reading IT came the turn of the deputy Bartek to state his case.

despisedadjectiveUS /dɪˈspaɪzd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading Thus he concluded his speech:— “This is not, Pan Maciej, my brother, and revered father of us all—this is not aid to be despised.

diligentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪlɪdʒənt/

quietly and steadily persevering especially in detail or exactness

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

discussionnounUS /dɪˈskʌʃən/

an extended communication (often interactive) dealing with some particular topic

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

DownadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

eloquencenounUS /ˈel.ə.kwəns/

Fluent, persuasive, and graceful speaking or writing. (Sự hùng biện, tài ăn nói lưu loát.)

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Thus he concluded his speech:— “This is not, Pan Maciej, my brother, and revered father of us all—this is not aid to be despised.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

gazettes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

Gerwazy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

harmonynounUS /ˈhɑːrməni/

compatibility in opinion and action

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

hatedadjectiveUS /ˈheɪtəd/

treated with dislike or contempt

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading IT came the turn of the deputy Bartek to state his case.

horriblyadverbUS /ˈhɔːrəbli/

of a dreadful kind

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

interruptsnounUS /ˌɪntərˈʌpts/

plural of “interrupt” — a signal that temporarily stops the execution of a program so that another procedure can be carried out

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

ITpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading IT came the turn of the deputy Bartek to state his case.

Jankiel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

jestnounUS /dʒest/

a humorous anecdote or remark intended to provoke laughter

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

Königsberg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

learnedadjectiveUS /lɜːrnd/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

lovedadjectiveUS /lʌvd/

held dear

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

Maciej

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus he concluded his speech:— “This is not, Pan Maciej, my brother, and revered father of us all—this is not aid to be despised.

Maciek

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

MartialadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːrʃəl/

(of persons) befitting a warrior

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

membersnounUS /ˈmembərz/

plural of “member” — one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Thus he concluded his speech:— “This is not, Pan Maciej, my brother, and revered father of us all—this is not aid to be despised.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Thus he concluded his speech:— “This is not, Pan Maciej, my brother, and revered father of us all—this is not aid to be despised.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

PanverbUS /pæn/

make a sweeping movement

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

parliamentaryadjectiveUS /ˌpɑːrləˈmentəri/

relating to or having the nature of a parliament

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

penknifenoun

a small pocketknife; originally used to cut quill pens

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

PoliticaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

politicsnounUS /ˈpɑːlətɪks/

social relations involving intrigue to gain authority or power

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

potencynounUS /ˈpoʊtənsi/

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

ProtestnounUS /ˈproʊtest/

a formal and solemn declaration of objection

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

PrussiannounUS /ˈprʌʃən/

a German inhabitant of Prussia

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

Prussians

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

raftsnounUS /ræfts/

a large number or amount

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

reinforcementsnounUS /ˌriːɪnˈfɔːrsmənts/

plural of “reinforcement” — a military operation (often involving new supplies of men and materiel) to strengthen a military force or aid in the performance of its mission

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

reveredadjectiveUS /rɪˈvɪrd/

profoundly honored

From this reading Thus he concluded his speech:— “This is not, Pan Maciej, my brother, and revered father of us all—this is not aid to be despised.

SalutaryadjectiveUS /ˈsæljəteri/

tending to promote physical well-being; beneficial to health

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

Soplica

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

SpeechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

SprinklernounUS /ˈsprɪŋklər/

mechanical device that attaches to a garden hose for watering lawn or garden

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading IT came the turn of the deputy Bartek to state his case.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

suddenadjectiveUS /ˈsʌdən/

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Thus he concluded his speech:— “This is not, Pan Maciej, my brother, and revered father of us all—this is not aid to be despised.

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus he concluded his speech:— “This is not, Pan Maciej, my brother, and revered father of us all—this is not aid to be despised.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading IT came the turn of the deputy Bartek to state his case.

travelledadjectiveUS /ˈtrævəld/

familiar with many parts of the world

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

travelsnounUS /ˈtrævəlz/

plural of “travel” — the act of going from one place to another

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading IT came the turn of the deputy Bartek to state his case.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Thus he concluded his speech:— “This is not, Pan Maciej, my brother, and revered father of us all—this is not aid to be despised.

versednounUS /vɜːrst/

an injectable form of benzodiazepine (trade name Versed) useful for sedation and for reducing pain during uncomfortable medical procedures

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He was a man who often travelled with rafts to Königsberg; he was called the Prussian by the members of his family, in jest, for he hated the Prussians horribly, although he loved to talk of them.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading ARGUMENT Salutary counsels of Bartek, called the Prussian—Martial argument of Maciek the Sprinkler—Political argument of Pan Buchmann—Jankiel advises harmony, which is cut off abruptly by the penknife—Speech of Gerwazy, which makes apparent the great potency of parliamentary eloquence—Protest of old Maciek—The sudden arrival of reinforcements interrupts the consultation—Down with the Soplica!

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading He was a man well advanced in years, who on his distant travels had learned much of the world; a diligent reader of gazettes, well versed in politics, he could cast no little light on the subject under discussion.

Chapter 8 of Pan Tadeusz by Adam Mickiewicz holds 317 sentences, grouped into 64 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Pan Tadeusz contain?

Chapter 8 holds 317 sentences of Pan Tadeusz, unabridged, divided into 64 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Pan Tadeusz by Adam Mickiewicz exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 317 sentences, grouped into 64 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Pan Tadeusz?

Work through the 64 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 64 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Pan Tadeusz

Common questions about reading Pan Tadeusz by Adam Mickiewicz on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Pan Tadeusz?

Yes. All 4494 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #28240 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Pan Tadeusz is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #28240, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Pan Tadeusz take to read?

About 374 minutes of reading across 899 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Pan Tadeusz section by section

How to work through Pan Tadeusz section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of Pan Tadeusz to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Pan Tadeusz

Words and structures a reader meets early in Pan Tadeusz, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Dutton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pan Tadeusz; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Present
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pan Tadeusz; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Translation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pan Tadeusz; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tadeusz
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pan Tadeusz; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.