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Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II
Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II is here in full — 397 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II
Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.
Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetical tones.
These points being settled, I next bethought me of the _nature_ of my _refrain_.
Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.
In proportion to the brevity of the sentence, would, of course, be the facility of the variation.
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Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II is here in full — 397 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.
/ˈbjuːti ʌv ˌwʌˈtevər kaɪnd ɪn ɪts səˈpriːm dɪˈveləpmənt ˌɪnˈveriəbli ɪkˈsaɪts ðə ˈsensətɪv soʊl tuː terz/
Line 2
Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetical tones.
/ˈmelənkɑːli ɪz ðʌs ðə moʊst ləˈdʒɪtəmət ʌv ɔːl ðə poʊˈetɪkəl toʊnz/
Line 3
These points being settled, I next bethought me of the _nature_ of my _refrain_.
Line 4
Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.
/sɪns ɪts ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən wɑːz tuː biː rɪˈpiːtɪdli ˈverid ɪt wɑːz klɪr ðæt ðə rɪˈfreɪn ˌɪtˈself mʌst biː briːf fɔːr ðer wʊd hæv bɪn æn ˌɪnsərˈmaʊntəbəl ˈdɪfəkəlti ɪn ˈfriːkwənt ˌveriˈeɪʃənz ʌv ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən ɪn ˈeni ˈsentəns ʌv leŋkθ/
Line 5
In proportion to the brevity of the sentence, would, of course, be the facility of the variation.
/ɪn prəˈpɔːrʃən tuː ðə ˈbrevəti ʌv ðə ˈsentəns wʊd ʌv kɔːrs biː ðə fəˈsɪlɪti ʌv ðə ˌveriˈeɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brevity noun US /ˈbrevəti/

the use of brief expressions

From this reading “In proportion to the brevity of the sentence, would, of course, be the facility of the variation.”

excites verb US /ɪkˈsaɪts/

third-person singular of “excite” — arouse or elicit a feeling

From this reading “Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.”

facility noun US /fəˈsɪlɪti/

a building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particular industry

From this reading “In proportion to the brevity of the sentence, would, of course, be the facility of the variation.”

insurmountable adjective US /ˌɪnsərˈmaʊntəbəl/

not capable of being surmounted or overcome

From this reading “Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.”

legitimate adjective US /ləˈdʒɪtəmət/

of marriages and offspring; recognized as lawful

From this reading “Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetical tones.”

repeatedly adverb US /rɪˈpiːtɪdli/

several time

From this reading “Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.”

variation noun US /ˌveriˈeɪʃən/

an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change

From this reading “In proportion to the brevity of the sentence, would, of course, be the facility of the variation.”

variations noun US /ˌveriˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “variation” — an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change

From this reading “Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

sensitive soul adjective + noun

In this reading “Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.”

of course preposition + noun

as might be expected

In this reading “In proportion to the brevity of the sentence, would, of course, be the facility of the variation.”

In proportion preposition + noun

In this reading “In proportion to the brevity of the sentence, would, of course, be the facility of the variation.”

All words in this reading · 64

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetical tones.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

applicationnounUS /ˌæpləˈkeɪʃən/

the act of bringing something to bear; using it for a particular purpose

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

BeautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading These points being settled, I next bethought me of the _nature_ of my _refrain_.

bethought

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These points being settled, I next bethought me of the _nature_ of my _refrain_.

brevitynounUS /ˈbrevəti/

the use of brief expressions

From this reading In proportion to the brevity of the sentence, would, of course, be the facility of the variation.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading In proportion to the brevity of the sentence, would, of course, be the facility of the variation.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

excitesverbUS /ɪkˈsaɪts/

third-person singular of “excite” — arouse or elicit a feeling

From this reading Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.

facilitynounUS /fəˈsɪlɪti/

a building or place that provides a particular service or is used for a particular industry

From this reading In proportion to the brevity of the sentence, would, of course, be the facility of the variation.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading These points being settled, I next bethought me of the _nature_ of my _refrain_.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.

insurmountableadjectiveUS /ˌɪnsərˈmaʊntəbəl/

not capable of being surmounted or overcome

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

invariablyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈveriəbli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetical tones.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.

legitimateadjectiveUS /ləˈdʒɪtəmət/

of marriages and offspring; recognized as lawful

From this reading Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetical tones.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading These points being settled, I next bethought me of the _nature_ of my _refrain_.

MelancholynounUS /ˈmelənkɑːli/

a feeling of thoughtful sadness

From this reading Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetical tones.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetical tones.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading These points being settled, I next bethought me of the _nature_ of my _refrain_.

naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/

the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized

From this reading These points being settled, I next bethought me of the _nature_ of my _refrain_.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading These points being settled, I next bethought me of the _nature_ of my _refrain_.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.

poeticaladjectiveUS /poʊˈetɪkəl/

of or relating to poetry

From this reading Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetical tones.

pointsnounUS /pɔɪnts/

plural of “point” — a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading These points being settled, I next bethought me of the _nature_ of my _refrain_.

proportionnounUS /prəˈpɔːrʃən/

the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading In proportion to the brevity of the sentence, would, of course, be the facility of the variation.

refrainverbUS /rɪˈfreɪn/

resist doing something

From this reading These points being settled, I next bethought me of the _nature_ of my _refrain_.

repeatedlyadverbUS /rɪˈpiːtɪdli/

several time

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

sensitiveadjectiveUS /ˈsensətɪv/

responsive to physical stimuli

From this reading Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.

sentencenounUS /ˈsentəns/

a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

settledadjectiveUS /ˈsetəld/

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading These points being settled, I next bethought me of the _nature_ of my _refrain_.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.

supremeadjectiveUS /səˈpriːm/

final or last in your life or progress

From this reading Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.

tearsnounUS /terz/

the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds)

From this reading Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These points being settled, I next bethought me of the _nature_ of my _refrain_.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetical tones.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.

tonesnounUS /toʊnz/

plural of “tone” — the quality of a person's voice

From this reading Melancholy is thus the most legitimate of all the poetical tones.

variationnounUS /ˌveriˈeɪʃən/

an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change

From this reading In proportion to the brevity of the sentence, would, of course, be the facility of the variation.

variationsnounUS /ˌveriˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “variation” — an instance of change; the rate or magnitude of change

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

variedadjectiveUS /ˈverid/

characterized by variety

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading Beauty of whatever kind, in its supreme development, invariably excites the sensitive soul to tears.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Since its application was to be repeatedly varied, it was clear that the _refrain_ itself must be brief, for there would have been an insurmountable difficulty in frequent variations of application in any sentence of length.

Chapter 4 of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II by Walter [Compiler] Hamilton holds 397 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II contain?

Chapter 4 holds 397 sentences of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II by Walter [Compiler] Hamilton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 397 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II

Common questions about reading Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II by Walter [Compiler] Hamilton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 10851 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70544 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #70544, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 2171 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II section by section

How to work through Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II

Words and structures a reader meets early in Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fellow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Royal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Geographical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Historical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.