Chapter XV

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Three heroes set out for their native strands, When the morning gleam saw them all ‘sent down.’

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Through ‘High’ and ‘Broad’ the Proctor must sweep, And the fifth of November is hard to keep When such myrmidons are roaming.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

plural of “blade” — especially a leaf of grass or the broad portion of a leaf as distinct from the petiole

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

plural of “blow” — a powerful stroke with the fist or a weapon

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Through ‘High’ and ‘Broad’ the Proctor must sweep, And the fifth of November is hard to keep When such myrmidons are roaming.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

relatively low in price or charging low prices

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading And the tradesmen of Oxford are wringing their hands For those who may never come home to the town.

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

lacking in light; not bright or harsh

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

a quantity of liquor equal to one fifth of a United States gallon

From this reading Through ‘High’ and ‘Broad’ the Proctor must sweep, And the fifth of November is hard to keep When such myrmidons are roaming.

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

unflinching in battle or action

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by: relatively low density and viscosity

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

be shiny, as if wet

From this reading Three heroes set out for their native strands, When the morning gleam saw them all ‘sent down.’

a woman's dress, usually with a close-fitting bodice and a long flared skirt, often worn on formal occasions

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Through ‘High’ and ‘Broad’ the Proctor must sweep, And the fifth of November is hard to keep When such myrmidons are roaming.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

plural of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading Three heroes set out for their native strands, When the morning gleam saw them all ‘sent down.’

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Through ‘High’ and ‘Broad’ the Proctor must sweep, And the fifth of November is hard to keep When such myrmidons are roaming.

where you live at a particular time

From this reading And the tradesmen of Oxford are wringing their hands For those who may never come home to the town.

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Through ‘High’ and ‘Broad’ the Proctor must sweep, And the fifth of November is hard to keep When such myrmidons are roaming.

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Through ‘High’ and ‘Broad’ the Proctor must sweep, And the fifth of November is hard to keep When such myrmidons are roaming.

past form of “knock” — deliver a sharp blow or push

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

plural of “lamp” — an artificial source of visible illumination

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

past form of “long” — desire strongly or persistently

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

a reformed prostitute

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading And the tradesmen of Oxford are wringing their hands For those who may never come home to the town.

come together

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

the force of workers available

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Three heroes set out for their native strands, When the morning gleam saw them all ‘sent down.’

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Through ‘High’ and ‘Broad’ the Proctor must sweep, And the fifth of November is hard to keep When such myrmidons are roaming.

plural of “myrmidon” — a follower who carries out orders without question

From this reading Through ‘High’ and ‘Broad’ the Proctor must sweep, And the fifth of November is hard to keep When such myrmidons are roaming.

characteristic of or existing by virtue of geographic origin

From this reading Three heroes set out for their native strands, When the morning gleam saw them all ‘sent down.’

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

with neatness

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading And the tradesmen of Oxford are wringing their hands For those who may never come home to the town.

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading Through ‘High’ and ‘Broad’ the Proctor must sweep, And the fifth of November is hard to keep When such myrmidons are roaming.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

a city in southern England to the northwest of London; site of Oxford University

From this reading And the tradesmen of Oxford are wringing their hands For those who may never come home to the town.

someone who supervises (an examination)

From this reading Through ‘High’ and ‘Broad’ the Proctor must sweep, And the fifth of November is hard to keep When such myrmidons are roaming.

plural of “proctor” — someone who supervises (an examination)

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

-ing form of “roam” — move about aimlessly or without any destination, often in search of food or employment

From this reading Through ‘High’ and ‘Broad’ the Proctor must sweep, And the fifth of November is hard to keep When such myrmidons are roaming.

the work of a sailor

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

cut with a saw

From this reading Three heroes set out for their native strands, When the morning gleam saw them all ‘sent down.’

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading Three heroes set out for their native strands, When the morning gleam saw them all ‘sent down.’

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Three heroes set out for their native strands, When the morning gleam saw them all ‘sent down.’

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

plural of “squall” — sudden violent winds; often accompanied by precipitation

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

plural of “strand” — a pattern forming a unity within a larger structural whole

From this reading Three heroes set out for their native strands, When the morning gleam saw them all ‘sent down.’

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Through ‘High’ and ‘Broad’ the Proctor must sweep, And the fifth of November is hard to keep When such myrmidons are roaming.

happening without warning or in a short space of time

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

sweep across or over

From this reading Through ‘High’ and ‘Broad’ the Proctor must sweep, And the fifth of November is hard to keep When such myrmidons are roaming.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading And the tradesmen of Oxford are wringing their hands For those who may never come home to the town.

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Through ‘High’ and ‘Broad’ the Proctor must sweep, And the fifth of November is hard to keep When such myrmidons are roaming.

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

plural of “tradesman” — a merchant who owns or manages a shop

From this reading And the tradesmen of Oxford are wringing their hands For those who may never come home to the town.

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Three times that night near the Magdalen tower, Did the dim gas lamps show a ‘town and gown’; They looked out for squalls, but alas! for the hour That the Proctor came up and was neatly knocked down; For men their hands from Proctors must keep Though blows be sudden, and black-eyes cheap, When our gallant blades are roaming.

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Three Freshers went sailing out into the street, Out into the street for a ‘town and gown,’ Each thought of the foeman he longed to meet And the Bull-dogs stood watching them out in the town.

at the time that

From this reading Through ‘High’ and ‘Broad’ the Proctor must sweep, And the fifth of November is hard to keep When such myrmidons are roaming.

which person or people

From this reading And the tradesmen of Oxford are wringing their hands For those who may never come home to the town.

-ing form of “wring” — twist and press out of shape

From this reading And the tradesmen of Oxford are wringing their hands For those who may never come home to the town.