Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI
Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI is here in full — 23 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI
Context Illustration Reading 1/4 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.
Lithely bent the straight poplar with a low wail beneath the breath of the north wind.
The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.
“’Tis a great spectacle,” remarked De Tankard, to a man who stood beside him, of an air――oh, how grand!
Benonia (for it was indeed he!) sneered.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI is here in full — 23 sentences across 5 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/4 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.
/diː ˈtæŋkərd stʊd æt ðə ˈwɪndoʊ ʌv ə smɔːl ˈkʌntri ɪn ənd wɑːtʃt ðə stɔːrm ˈreɪdʒɪŋ ɪn ðə ˈfɔːrəst/
Line 2
Lithely bent the straight poplar with a low wail beneath the breath of the north wind.
Line 3
The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.
Line 4
“’Tis a great spectacle,” remarked De Tankard, to a man who stood beside him, of an air――oh, how grand!
Line 5
Benonia (for it was indeed he!) sneered.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

beech noun US /biːtʃ/

any of several large deciduous trees with rounded spreading crowns and smooth grey bark and small sweet edible triangular nuts enclosed in burs; north temperate regions

From this reading “The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.”

eddies noun US /ˈediz/

plural of “eddy” — founder of Christian Science in 1866 (1821-1910)

From this reading “The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.”

howled verb US /haʊld/

past form of “howl” — emit long loud cries

From this reading “The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.”

poplar noun US /ˈpɑːplər/

soft light-colored non-durable wood of the poplar

From this reading “Lithely bent the straight poplar with a low wail beneath the breath of the north wind.”

raging adjective US /ˈreɪdʒɪŋ/

characterized by violent and forceful activity or movement; very intense

From this reading “De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.”

sneered verb US /snɪrd/

past form of “sneer” — express through a scornful smile

From this reading “Benonia (for it was indeed he!) sneered.”

Tankard noun US /ˈtæŋkərd/

large drinking vessel with one handle

From this reading “De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.”

wail verb US /weɪl/

emit long loud cries

From this reading “Lithely bent the straight poplar with a low wail beneath the breath of the north wind.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

north wind noun + noun

a wind that blows from the north

In this reading “Lithely bent the straight poplar with a low wail beneath the breath of the north wind.”

stood beside verb + particle

In this reading ““’Tis a great spectacle,” remarked De Tankard, to a man who stood beside him, of an air――oh, how grand!”

country inn noun + noun

In this reading “De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.”

at the window preposition + article + noun counted as “at … window”

In this reading “De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.”

in the forest preposition + article + noun counted as “in … forest”

In this reading “De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.”

stood at verb + particle

In this reading “De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.”

All words in this reading · 74

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading “’Tis a great spectacle,” remarked De Tankard, to a man who stood beside him, of an air――oh, how grand!

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading “’Tis a great spectacle,” remarked De Tankard, to a man who stood beside him, of an air――oh, how grand!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.

beechnounUS /biːtʃ/

any of several large deciduous trees with rounded spreading crowns and smooth grey bark and small sweet edible triangular nuts enclosed in burs; north temperate regions

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading Lithely bent the straight poplar with a low wail beneath the breath of the north wind.

Benonia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Benonia (for it was indeed he!) sneered.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading Lithely bent the straight poplar with a low wail beneath the breath of the north wind.

besideprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪd/

next to; at the side of

From this reading “’Tis a great spectacle,” remarked De Tankard, to a man who stood beside him, of an air――oh, how grand!

breathnounUS /breθ/

the process of taking in and expelling air during breathing

From this reading Lithely bent the straight poplar with a low wail beneath the breath of the north wind.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

chaplets

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.

crownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

DenounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.

eddiesnounUS /ˈediz/

plural of “eddy” — founder of Christian Science in 1866 (1821-1910)

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Benonia (for it was indeed he!) sneered.

forestnounUS /ˈfɔːrəst/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.

gazer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading “’Tis a great spectacle,” remarked De Tankard, to a man who stood beside him, of an air――oh, how grand!

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading “’Tis a great spectacle,” remarked De Tankard, to a man who stood beside him, of an air――oh, how grand!

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Benonia (for it was indeed he!) sneered.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “’Tis a great spectacle,” remarked De Tankard, to a man who stood beside him, of an air――oh, how grand!

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “’Tis a great spectacle,” remarked De Tankard, to a man who stood beside him, of an air――oh, how grand!

howledverbUS /haʊld/

past form of “howl” — emit long loud cries

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Benonia (for it was indeed he!) sneered.

innnounUS /ɪn/

a hotel providing overnight lodging for travelers

From this reading De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Benonia (for it was indeed he!) sneered.

leavesnounUS /liːvz/

plural of “leaf” — the main organ of photosynthesis and transpiration in higher plants

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

Lithely

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lithely bent the straight poplar with a low wail beneath the breath of the north wind.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Lithely bent the straight poplar with a low wail beneath the breath of the north wind.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading “’Tis a great spectacle,” remarked De Tankard, to a man who stood beside him, of an air――oh, how grand!

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Lithely bent the straight poplar with a low wail beneath the breath of the north wind.

oaknounUS /oʊk/

the hard durable wood of any oak; used especially for furniture and flooring

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.

ohnounUS /oʊ/

a midwestern state in north central United States in the Great Lakes region

From this reading “’Tis a great spectacle,” remarked De Tankard, to a man who stood beside him, of an air――oh, how grand!

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

poplarnounUS /ˈpɑːplər/

soft light-colored non-durable wood of the poplar

From this reading Lithely bent the straight poplar with a low wail beneath the breath of the north wind.

ragingadjectiveUS /ˈreɪdʒɪŋ/

characterized by violent and forceful activity or movement; very intense

From this reading De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.

remarkedverbUS /rɪˈmɑːrkt/

past form of “remark” — make mention of

From this reading “’Tis a great spectacle,” remarked De Tankard, to a man who stood beside him, of an air――oh, how grand!

roaredverbUS /rɔːrd/

past form of “roar” — make a loud noise, as of wind, water, or vehicles

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.

sneeredverbUS /snɪrd/

past form of “sneer” — express through a scornful smile

From this reading Benonia (for it was indeed he!) sneered.

spectaclenounUS /ˈspektəkəl/

something or someone seen (especially a notable or unusual sight)

From this reading “’Tis a great spectacle,” remarked De Tankard, to a man who stood beside him, of an air――oh, how grand!

SpiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.

stormverbUS /stɔːrm/

behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading Lithely bent the straight poplar with a low wail beneath the breath of the north wind.

TankardnounUS /ˈtæŋkərd/

large drinking vessel with one handle

From this reading De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

TisnounUS /tɪz/

plural of “ti” — a light strong grey lustrous corrosion-resistant metallic element used in strong lightweight alloys (as for airplane parts); the main sources are rutile and ilmenite

From this reading “’Tis a great spectacle,” remarked De Tankard, to a man who stood beside him, of an air――oh, how grand!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

wailverbUS /weɪl/

emit long loud cries

From this reading Lithely bent the straight poplar with a low wail beneath the breath of the north wind.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Benonia (for it was indeed he!) sneered.

watchedverbUS /wɑːtʃt/

past form of “watch” — look attentively

From this reading De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading “’Tis a great spectacle,” remarked De Tankard, to a man who stood beside him, of an air――oh, how grand!

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading Lithely bent the straight poplar with a low wail beneath the breath of the north wind.

windownounUS /ˈwɪndoʊ/

a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air

From this reading De Tankard stood at the window of a small country inn, and watched the storm raging in the forest.

windsnounUS /wɪndz/

plural of “wind” — air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

wishedverbUS /wɪʃt/

past form of “wish” — hope for; have a wish

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Lithely bent the straight poplar with a low wail beneath the breath of the north wind.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

wreathed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The oak roared, the beech howled, and the wild leaves, caught in the eddies of the winds, were wreathed by them into chaplets, as though the Spirit of the Storm wished to crown with them the noble gazer on his work.

Chapter 17 of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI by Walter [Compiler] Hamilton holds 23 sentences, grouped into 5 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI contain?

Chapter 17 holds 23 sentences of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI, unabridged, divided into 5 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI by Walter [Compiler] Hamilton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 23 sentences, grouped into 5 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI?

Work through the 5 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 5 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI

Common questions about reading Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI by Walter [Compiler] Hamilton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI?

Yes. All 18608 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #70548 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #70548, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 3722 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI section by section

How to work through Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI

Words and structures a reader meets early in Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fellow
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Royal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Geographical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Historical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Parodies of the works of English & American authors, vol. VI; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.