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Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete
Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete is here in full — 399 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete
Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.
The entrance-hall is very spacious, and the floor is tessellated or somehow inlaid with marble.
There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.
There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.
I could easily have brandished it.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete is here in full — 399 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.
Line 2
The entrance-hall is very spacious, and the floor is tessellated or somehow inlaid with marble.
Line 3
There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.
Line 4
There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.
Line 5
I could easily have brandished it.
/aɪ kʊd ˈiːzəli hæv ˈbrændɪʃt ɪt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brandished verb US /ˈbrændɪʃt/

past form of “brandish” — move or swing back and forth

From this reading “I could easily have brandished it.”

civilly adverb US /ˈsɪvɪli/

in a civil manner

From this reading “Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.”

grade noun US /ɡreɪd/

a body of students who are taught together

From this reading “Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.”

inlaid adjective US /ˈɪnleɪd/

adorned by inlays

From this reading “The entrance-hall is very spacious, and the floor is tessellated or somehow inlaid with marble.”

niches noun US /ˈnɪtʃɪz/

plural of “niche” — a position particularly well suited to the person who occupies it

From this reading “There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.”

ponderous adjective US /ˈpɑːndərəs/

slow and laborious because of weight

From this reading “There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.”

portico noun US /ˈpɔːrtəkoʊ/

a porch or entrance to a building consisting of a covered and often columned area

From this reading “Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.”

statuary noun US /ˈstætʃuːeri/

statues collectively

From this reading “There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

antiqueadjectiveUS /ænˈtiːk/

made in or typical of earlier times and valued for its age

From this reading There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.

armornounUS /ˈɑːrmər/

protective covering made of metal and used in combat

From this reading There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

ascendingadjectiveUS /əˈsendɪŋ/

moving or going or growing upward

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

battle-axes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

brandishedverbUS /ˈbrændɪʃt/

past form of “brandish” — move or swing back and forth

From this reading I could easily have brandished it.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

cabnounUS /kæb/

a compartment at the front of a motor vehicle or locomotive where driver sits

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

civillyadverbUS /ˈsɪvɪli/

in a civil manner

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading I could easily have brandished it.

datesnounUS /deɪts/

plural of “date” — the specified day of the month

From this reading There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading I could easily have brandished it.

Eaton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

entrance-hall

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The entrance-hall is very spacious, and the floor is tessellated or somehow inlaid with marble.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

figuresnounUS /ˈfɪɡjərz/

plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading The entrance-hall is very spacious, and the floor is tessellated or somehow inlaid with marble.

footmannounUS /ˈfʊtmən/

a man employed as a servant in a large establishment (as a palace) to run errands and do chores

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

gradenounUS /ɡreɪd/

a body of students who are taught together

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

HallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

higheradjectiveUS /ˈhaɪər/

advanced in complexity or elaboration

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

inlaidadjectiveUS /ˈɪnleɪd/

adorned by inlays

From this reading The entrance-hall is very spacious, and the floor is tessellated or somehow inlaid with marble.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The entrance-hall is very spacious, and the floor is tessellated or somehow inlaid with marble.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

lances

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.

liverynounUS /ˈlɪvəri/

uniform worn by some menservants and chauffeurs

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

marblenounUS /ˈmɑːrbəl/

a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material

From this reading The entrance-hall is very spacious, and the floor is tessellated or somehow inlaid with marble.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

miserableadjectiveUS /ˈmɪzərəbəl/

very unhappy; full of misery

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

nichesnounUS /ˈnɪtʃɪz/

plural of “niche” — a position particularly well suited to the person who occupies it

From this reading There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The entrance-hall is very spacious, and the floor is tessellated or somehow inlaid with marble.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

ponderousadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːndərəs/

slow and laborious because of weight

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

porticonounUS /ˈpɔːrtəkoʊ/

a porch or entrance to a building consisting of a covered and often columned area

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

readingnounUS /ˈriːdɪŋ/

the cognitive process of understanding a written linguistic message

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

severaladjectiveUS /ˈsevrəl/

(used with count nouns) of an indefinite number more than 2 or 3 but not many

From this reading There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.

silentlyadverbUS /ˈsaɪləntli/

without speaking

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.

somehowadverbUS /ˈsʌmhaʊ/

in some unspecified way or manner; or by some unspecified means

From this reading The entrance-hall is very spacious, and the floor is tessellated or somehow inlaid with marble.

spaciousadjectiveUS /ˈspeɪʃəs/

very large in expanse or scope

From this reading The entrance-hall is very spacious, and the floor is tessellated or somehow inlaid with marble.

statuarynounUS /ˈstætʃuːeri/

statues collectively

From this reading There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

swordnounUS /sɔːrd/

a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

swordsnounUS /sɔːrdz/

plural of “sword” — a cutting or thrusting weapon that has a long metal blade and a hilt with a hand guard

From this reading There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.

swungverbUS /swʌŋ/

inflected form of “swing” — move in a curve or arc, usually with the intent of hitting

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

talladjectiveUS /tɔːl/

great in vertical dimension; high in stature

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

tessellatedadjective

having a checkered or mottled appearance

From this reading The entrance-hall is very spacious, and the floor is tessellated or somehow inlaid with marble.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

two-handedadjective

equally skillful with each hand

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There was statuary in marble on the floor, and in niches stood several figures in antique armor, of various dates; some with lances, and others with battle-axes and swords.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

weaponnounUS /ˈwepən/

any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading There was a two-handed sword, as much as six feet long; but not nearly so ponderous as I have supposed this kind of weapon to be, from reading of it.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Our miserable cab drew up at the steps of Eaton Hall, and, ascending under the portico, the door swung silently open, and we were received very civilly by two old men,--one, a tall footman in livery; the other, of higher grade, in plain clothes.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The entrance-hall is very spacious, and the floor is tessellated or somehow inlaid with marble.

Chapter 4 of Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete by Nathaniel Hawthorne holds 399 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete contain?

Chapter 4 holds 399 sentences of Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete by Nathaniel Hawthorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 399 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete

Common questions about reading Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete by Nathaniel Hawthorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete?

Yes. All 8364 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7878 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7878, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1673 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete section by section

How to work through Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete

Words and structures a reader meets early in Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Valued
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Generous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Genial
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the English Notebooks, Complete; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.