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Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1.
Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1.

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1. is here in full — 434 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1.
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.
In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.
There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.
Many other things we might have seen, worthy of being attended to, had there been time to look at them.
Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1.

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1. is here in full — 434 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.
Line 2
In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.
Line 3
There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.
Line 4
Many other things we might have seen, worthy of being attended to, had there been time to look at them.
/ˈmeni ˈʌðər θɪŋz wiː maɪt hæv siːn ˈwɜːr.ði ʌv ˈbiːɪŋ əˈtendɪd tuː hæd ðer bɪn taɪm tuː lʊk æt ðem/
Line 5
Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.
/ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ ˈɪntuː stɪl əˈnʌðər ruːm wiː wɜːr toʊld ðæt ðɪs wɑːz sɜːr ˈwɔːltər ˈrɔːliz əˈpɑːrtmənt waɪl kənˈfaɪnd ɪn ðə ˈtaʊər soʊ ðæt ɪt wɑːz wɪˈðɪn ðiːz wɔːlz ðæt hiː roʊt ðə ˈhɪstəri ʌv ðə wɜːrld/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

armor noun US /ˈɑːrmər/

protective covering made of metal and used in combat

From this reading “Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.”

embossed adjective US /ɪmˈbɔːst/

embellished with a raised pattern created by pressure or embroidery

From this reading “Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.”

indicating verb US /ˈɪndəkeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading “In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.”

Raleigh's noun US /ˈrɔːliz/

possessive form of “raleigh” — English courtier (a favorite of Elizabeth I) who tried to colonize Virginia; introduced potatoes and tobacco to England (1552-1618)

From this reading “Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.”

scrubbing noun US /ˈskrʌbɪŋ/

the act of cleaning a surface by rubbing it with a brush and soap and water

From this reading “In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.”

sculpture noun US /ˈskʌlptʃər/

a three-dimensional work of plastic art

From this reading “Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.”

threadbare adjective US /ˈθredber/

repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse

From this reading “There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.”

Wolfe noun US /wʊlf/

United States writer who has written extensively on American culture (born in 1931)

From this reading “There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

AbrahamnounUS /ˈeɪbrəhæm/

the first of the Old Testament patriarchs and the father of Isaac; according to Genesis, God promised to give Abraham's family (the Hebrews) the land of Canaan (the Promised Land); God tested Abraham by asking him to sacrifice his son

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

apartmentnounUS /əˈpɑːrtmənt/

a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

armornounUS /ˈɑːrmər/

protective covering made of metal and used in combat

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Many other things we might have seen, worthy of being attended to, had there been time to look at them.

attendedadjectiveUS /əˈtendɪd/

playing or singing with instrumental or vocal accompaniment

From this reading Many other things we might have seen, worthy of being attended to, had there been time to look at them.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

bearverbUS /ber/

have

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

brassnounUS /bræs/

an alloy of copper and zinc

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

cannonnounUS /ˈkænən/

a large artillery gun that is usually on wheels

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

cloaknounUS /kloʊk/

anything that covers or conceals

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

coarseadjectiveUS /kɔːrs/

of textures that are rough to the touch or substances consisting of relatively large particles

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

confinedadjectiveUS /kənˈfaɪnd/

not invading healthy tissue

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

containingverbUS /kənˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

diedverbUS /daɪd/

past form of “die” — pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

embossedadjectiveUS /ɪmˈbɔːst/

embellished with a raised pattern created by pressure or embroidery

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

fadedadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪdəd/

having lost freshness or brilliance of color

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

foldedverbUS /ˈfoʊldəd/

past form of “fold” — bend or lay so that one part covers the other

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

FollowingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

garmentnounUS /ˈɡɑːrmənt/

an article of clothing

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

GauntadjectiveUS /ɡɔːnt/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

Gaunt's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

glassnounUS /ɡlæs/

a brittle transparent solid with irregular atomic structure

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Many other things we might have seen, worthy of being attended to, had there been time to look at them.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

HistorynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

indicatingverbUS /ˈɪndəkeɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “indicate” — be a signal for or a symptom of

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

light-coloredadjective

(used of color) having a relatively small amount of coloring agent

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Many other things we might have seen, worthy of being attended to, had there been time to look at them.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

ManyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Many other things we might have seen, worthy of being attended to, had there been time to look at them.

marksnounUS /mɑːrks/

English businessman who created a retail chain (1888-1964)

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

marvellouslyadverb

(used as an intensifier) extremely well

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Many other things we might have seen, worthy of being attended to, had there been time to look at them.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

ornamentverbUS /ˈɔːrnəmənt/

make more attractive by adding ornament, colour, etc.

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Many other things we might have seen, worthy of being attended to, had there been time to look at them.

owingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

PlainsnounUS /pleɪnz/

plural of “plain” — extensive tract of level open land

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

Raleigh'snounUS /ˈrɔːliz/

possessive form of “raleigh” — English courtier (a favorite of Elizabeth I) who tried to colonize Virginia; introduced potatoes and tobacco to England (1552-1618)

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

scrubbingnounUS /ˈskrʌbɪŋ/

the act of cleaning a surface by rubbing it with a brush and soap and water

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

sculpturenounUS /ˈskʌlptʃər/

a three-dimensional work of plastic art

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

seemsverbUS /siːmz/

third-person singular of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Many other things we might have seen, worthy of being attended to, had there been time to look at them.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

stairnounUS /ster/

support consisting of a place to rest the foot while ascending or descending a stairway

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

suitverbUS /suːt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Many other things we might have seen, worthy of being attended to, had there been time to look at them.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

threadbareadjectiveUS /ˈθredber/

repeated too often; overfamiliar through overuse

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

throughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Many other things we might have seen, worthy of being attended to, had there been time to look at them.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

TowernounUS /ˈtaʊər/

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

WalternounUS /ˈwɔːltər/

German conductor (1876-1962)

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

weaponsnounUS /ˈwepənz/

plural of “weapon” — any instrument or instrumentality used in fighting or hunting

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

wearverbUS /wer/

be dressed in

From this reading In this room was John of Gaunt's suit, indicating a man seven feet high, and the armor seems to bear the marks of much wear; but this may be owing to great scrubbing, throughout the centuries since John of Gaunt died.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

windingadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪndɪŋ/

marked by repeated turns and bends

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

WolfenounUS /wʊlf/

United States writer who has written extensively on American culture (born in 1931)

From this reading There, too, we saw the cloak in which Wolfe fell, on the Plains of Abraham,--a coarse, faded, threadbare, light-colored garment, folded up under a glass case.

WorldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading Many other things we might have seen, worthy of being attended to, had there been time to look at them.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading Following into still another room, we were told that this was Sir Walter Raleigh's apartment, while confined in the Tower, so that it was within these walls that he wrote the History of the World.

wroughtadjectiveUS /rɔːt/

shaped to fit by or as if by altering the contours of a pliable mass (as by work or effort)

From this reading Then we went up a winding stair to another room, containing armor and weapons, and beautiful brass cannon, that appeared to have been for ornament rather than use, some of them being quite covered with embossed sculpture, marvellously well wrought.

Chapter 8 of Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1. by Nathaniel Hawthorne holds 434 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1. contain?

Chapter 8 holds 434 sentences of Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1., unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1. by Nathaniel Hawthorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 434 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1.?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1.

Common questions about reading Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1. by Nathaniel Hawthorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1.?

Yes. All 4290 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7876 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7876, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1. take to read?

About 357 minutes of reading across 858 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1. section by section

How to work through Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1. to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1.

Words and structures a reader meets early in Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Valued
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Friend
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Generous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Genial
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the English Notebooks, Volume 1.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.