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Passages from the French and Italian
Passages from the French and Italian

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Passages from the French and Italian is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.
It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.
I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.
As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.
Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Passages from the French and Italian

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Passages from the French and Italian is here in full — 407 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.
Line 2
It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.
Line 3
I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.
Line 4
As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.
/æz suːn æz hiː hæd brɔːt ʌs ˈɪntuː ðə ˈtwaɪlaɪt ʌv ðə tuːm hiː ˈlaɪtəd ə lɔːŋ wæks ˈteɪpər fɔːr iːtʃ ʌv ʌs ənd led ʌs ˈɡroʊpɪŋ ˈɪntuː ˈblækər ənd ˈblækər ˈdɑːrknəs/
Line 5
Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.
/ˈiːvɪn ˈlɪtəl ɑːr ˈfɑːloʊd kərˈeɪdʒəsli ɪn ðə prəˈseʃən wɪtʃ lʊkt ˈveri ˈpɪktʃərəsk æz wiː ɡlænst ˈbækwərd ɔːr ˈfɔːrwərd ənd biˈheld ə ˈtwɪŋkəlɪŋ laɪn ʌv ˈsevən laɪts ˈɡlɪmərɪŋ ˈfeɪntli ɑːn ˈaʊər ˈfeɪsəz ənd ˈʃoʊɪŋ ˈnʌθɪŋ bɪˈɑːnd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

accessible adjective US /ækˈsesəbəl/

capable of being reached

From this reading “It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.”

affable adjective US /ˈæfəbəl/

diffusing warmth and friendliness

From this reading “I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.”

blacker adjective US /ˈblækər/

comparative of “black” — being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading “As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.”

courageously adverb US /kərˈeɪdʒəsli/

in a courageous manner

From this reading “Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.”

demeanor noun US /dɪˈmiːnər/

(behavioral attributes) the way a person behaves toward other people

From this reading “I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.”

glimmering noun US /ˈɡlɪmərɪŋ/

a slight suggestion or vague understanding

From this reading “Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.”

subterranean adjective US /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.

From this reading “I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.”

taper verb US /ˈteɪpər/

diminish gradually

From this reading “As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

accessibleadjectiveUS /ækˈsesəbəl/

capable of being reached

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

affableadjectiveUS /ˈæfəbəl/

diffusing warmth and friendliness

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

Appian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

backwardadverbUS /ˈbækwərd/

at or to or toward the back or rear

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

beheldverbUS /biˈheld/

inflected form of “behold” — see with attention

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

blackeradjectiveUS /ˈblækər/

comparative of “black” — being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.

buildingsnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋz/

plural of “building” — a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

carriagenounUS /ˈkærɪdʒ/

a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

cheerfuladjectiveUS /ˈtʃɪrfəl/

being full of or promoting cheer; having or showing good spirits

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

courageouslyadverbUS /kərˈeɪdʒəsli/

in a courageous manner

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

courtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.

definiteadjectiveUS /ˈdefənət/

precise; explicit and clearly defined

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

demeanornounUS /dɪˈmiːnər/

(behavioral attributes) the way a person behaves toward other people

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

drivingadjectiveUS /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.

elderlyadjectiveUS /ˈeldərli/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

EvenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

exteriornounUS /ɪkˈstɪriər/

the region that is outside of something

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

facesnounUS /ˈfeɪsəz/

plural of “face” — the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

faintlyadverbUS /ˈfeɪntli/

to a faint degree or weakly perceived

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

farm-house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

fartheradjectiveUS /ˈfɑːrðər/

more distant in especially space or time

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

fenceverbUS /fens/

enclose with a fence

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

gatewaynounUS /ˈɡeɪtweɪ/

an entrance that can be closed by a gate

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

glancedverbUS /ɡlænst/

past form of “glance” — throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

glimmeringnounUS /ˈɡlɪmərɪŋ/

a slight suggestion or vague understanding

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

gropingadjectiveUS /ˈɡroʊpɪŋ/

acting with uncertainty or hesitance or lack of confidence

From this reading As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

immediatelyadverbUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːətli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

lightedadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪtəd/

set afire or burning

From this reading As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.

lightsnounUS /laɪts/

plural of “light” — (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

passagenounUS /ˈpæsədʒ/

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

peasantnounUS /ˈpezənt/

a country person

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

picturesqueadjectiveUS /ˈpɪktʃərəsk/

suggesting or suitable for a picture; pretty as a picture

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

processionnounUS /prəˈseʃən/

(theology) the origination of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

RnounUS /ɑːr/

a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

retainverbUS /rɪˈteɪn/

hold back within

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

Scipios

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

separatedadjectiveUS /ˈsepəreɪtɪd/

being or feeling set or kept apart from others

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

sevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

showingnounUS /ˈʃoʊɪŋ/

the display of a motion picture

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.

subterraneanadjectiveUS /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

taperverbUS /ˈteɪpər/

diminish gradually

From this reading As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

tombnounUS /tuːm/

a place for the burial of a corpse (especially beneath the ground and marked by a tombstone)

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

twilightnounUS /ˈtwaɪlaɪt/

the time of day immediately following sunset

From this reading As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.

twinklingnounUS /ˈtwɪŋkəlɪŋ/

a very short time (as the time it takes the eye to blink or the heart to beat)

From this reading Even little R----- followed courageously in the procession, which looked very picturesque as we glanced backward or forward, and beheld a twinkling line of seven lights, glimmering faintly on our faces, and showing nothing beyond.

undergroundadjectiveUS /ˈʌndərɡraʊnd/

under the level of the ground

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

waxverbUS /wæks/

cover with wax

From this reading As soon as he had brought us into the twilight of the tomb, he lighted a long wax taper for each of us, and led us groping into blacker and blacker darkness.

WaynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading It was close upon the Appian Way, however, though separated from it by a high fence, and accessible through a gateway, leading into a court.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading We got into the carriage again, and, driving farther towards the city, came to the tomb of the Scipios, of the exterior of which I retain no very definite idea.

whollyadverbUS /ˈhoʊli/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I think the tomb is wholly subterranean, and that the ground above it is covered with the buildings of a farm-house; but of this I cannot be certain, as we were led immediately into a dark, underground passage, by an elderly peasant, of a cheerful and affable demeanor.

Chapter 4 of Passages from the French and Italian by Nathaniel Hawthorne holds 407 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Passages from the French and Italian contain?

Chapter 4 holds 407 sentences of Passages from the French and Italian, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Passages from the French and Italian by Nathaniel Hawthorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 407 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Passages from the French and Italian?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Passages from the French and Italian

Common questions about reading Passages from the French and Italian by Nathaniel Hawthorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Passages from the French and Italian?

Yes. All 6061 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7881 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Passages from the French and Italian is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7881, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Passages from the French and Italian take to read?

About 505 minutes of reading across 1213 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Passages from the French and Italian section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Passages from the French and Italian

Words and structures a reader meets early in Passages from the French and Italian, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Passages
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the French and Italian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hawthorne's
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Note-books
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France
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the French and Italian; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.