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Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Complete
Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Complete

Chapter XIV

Cover illustration for Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Complete
Context Illustration Reading 1/81 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Last week a fritter-establishment was opened in our piazza.
It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.
In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.
There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.
It was Friday, and Lent besides, and possibly there was some other peculiar propriety in the consumption of fritters just then.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Complete

Chapter XIV

Reading 1/81 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Last week a fritter-establishment was opened in our piazza.
Line 2
It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.
Line 3
In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.
Line 4
There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.
Line 5
It was Friday, and Lent besides, and possibly there was some other peculiar propriety in the consumption of fritters just then.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Besides preposition US /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading “It was Friday, and Lent besides, and possibly there was some other peculiar propriety in the consumption of fritters just then.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.”

Last noun US /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Last week a fritter-establishment was opened in our piazza.”

Looked noun US /looked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.”

Oil noun US /ɔɪl/

A viscous liquid derived from petroleum or plants, stored in large earthen jars.

From this reading “There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.”

Open verb US /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading “It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.”

Seemed noun US /seemed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.”

Suppose noun US /ˈsuppose/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.”

Think noun US /think/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.”

All words in this reading · 84

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Last week a fritter-establishment was opened in our piazza.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

apparatus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

armful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

besidesprepositionUS /bɪˈsaɪdz/

in addition to; as well as

From this reading It was Friday, and Lent besides, and possibly there was some other peculiar propriety in the consumption of fritters just then.

booth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

boughs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.

business

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

canvas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

charcoal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

consumption

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Friday, and Lent besides, and possibly there was some other peculiar propriety in the consumption of fritters just then.

covered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

dry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

erected

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

flour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.

Friday

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Friday, and Lent besides, and possibly there was some other peculiar propriety in the consumption of fritters just then.

fritter-establishment

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Last week a fritter-establishment was opened in our piazza.

fritters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Friday, and Lent besides, and possibly there was some other peculiar propriety in the consumption of fritters just then.

front

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.

frying-pan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

furnace

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Last week a fritter-establishment was opened in our piazza.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

just

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Friday, and Lent besides, and possibly there was some other peculiar propriety in the consumption of fritters just then.

LastnounUS /last/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Last week a fritter-establishment was opened in our piazza.

laurel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.

Lent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Friday, and Lent besides, and possibly there was some other peculiar propriety in the consumption of fritters just then.

lookednounUS /looked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

much

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.

oilnounUS /ɔɪl/

A viscous liquid derived from petroleum or plants, stored in large earthen jars.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

opened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Last week a fritter-establishment was opened in our piazza.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

ornament

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Friday, and Lent besides, and possibly there was some other peculiar propriety in the consumption of fritters just then.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Last week a fritter-establishment was opened in our piazza.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

painted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

peculiar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Friday, and Lent besides, and possibly there was some other peculiar propriety in the consumption of fritters just then.

piazza

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Last week a fritter-establishment was opened in our piazza.

place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

possibly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Friday, and Lent besides, and possibly there was some other peculiar propriety in the consumption of fritters just then.

propriety

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Friday, and Lent besides, and possibly there was some other peculiar propriety in the consumption of fritters just then.

rain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

red

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

seemednounUS /seemed/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

shade

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.

some

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

sort

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

square

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

sticks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

stove

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

sunshine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

supposenounUS /ˈsuppose/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

then

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Friday, and Lent besides, and possibly there was some other peculiar propriety in the consumption of fritters just then.

There

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

thinknounUS /think/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

three

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

two

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There were two men, and their apparatus for business was a sort of stove, or charcoal furnace, and a frying-pan to place over it; they had an armful or two of dry sticks, some flour, and I suppose oil, and this seemed to be all.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Last week a fritter-establishment was opened in our piazza.

week

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Last week a fritter-establishment was opened in our piazza.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In front were three great boughs of laurel, not so much for shade, I think, as ornament.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

withstood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.

wooden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a wooden booth erected in the open square, and covered with canvas painted red, which looked as if it had withstood much rain and sunshine.