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Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.
Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
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The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.
There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.
It has faded frescos, and tarnished gilding, and green blinds, and a few damask chairs still remain in it.
On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.
There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. is here in full — 417 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.
Line 2
There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.
Line 3
It has faded frescos, and tarnished gilding, and green blinds, and a few damask chairs still remain in it.
Line 4
On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.
Line 5
There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.
/ðer wɜːr ə fjuː θɪŋz wɪtʃ aɪ ˈrɪli ˌenˈdʒɔɪd ənd ə fjuː ˈmoʊmənts ˈdʊrɪŋ wɪtʃ aɪ ˈrɪli siːmd tuː siː ðem bʌt ɪt ɪz ɪn veɪn tuː əˈtempt ˈɡɪvɪŋ ðə ˌɪmˈpreʃən prəˈduːst baɪ ˈmæstərpiːsəz ʌv ɑːrt ənd moʊst ɪn veɪn wen wiː siː ðem best/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

admissible adjective US /ədˈmɪsəbəl/

deserving to be admitted

From this reading “On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.”

carnivals noun US /ˈkɑːrnəvəlz/

plural of “carnival” — a festival marked by merrymaking and processions

From this reading “There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.”

damask noun US /ˈdæməsk/

a table linen made from linen with a damask pattern

From this reading “It has faded frescos, and tarnished gilding, and green blinds, and a few damask chairs still remain in it.”

gilding noun US /ˈɡɪldɪŋ/

a coating of gold or of something that looks like gold

From this reading “It has faded frescos, and tarnished gilding, and green blinds, and a few damask chairs still remain in it.”

masterpieces noun US /ˈmæstərpiːsəz/

plural of “masterpiece” — the most outstanding work of a creative artist or craftsman

From this reading “There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.”

scantily adverb US /ˈskæntəli/

in a skimpy manner

From this reading “The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.”

tarnished verb US /ˈtɑːrnɪʃt/

past form of “tarnish” — make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically

From this reading “It has faded frescos, and tarnished gilding, and green blinds, and a few damask chairs still remain in it.”

Vatican noun US /ˈvætɪkən/

the residence of the Catholic Pope in the Vatican City

From this reading “On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

admissibleadjectiveUS /ədˈmɪsəbəl/

deserving to be admitted

From this reading On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

attemptnounUS /əˈtempt/

earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

balconynounUS /ˈbælkəni/

an upper floor projecting from the rear over the main floor in an auditorium

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

blindsnounUS /blaɪndz/

plural of “blind” — people who have severe visual impairments, considered as a group

From this reading It has faded frescos, and tarnished gilding, and green blinds, and a few damask chairs still remain in it.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

carnivalsnounUS /ˈkɑːrnəvəlz/

plural of “carnival” — a festival marked by merrymaking and processions

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

cellarnounUS /ˈselər/

the lowermost portion of a structure partly or wholly below ground level; often used for storage

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

chairsnounUS /tʃerz/

plural of “chair” — a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading It has faded frescos, and tarnished gilding, and green blinds, and a few damask chairs still remain in it.

cheerfuladjectiveUS /ˈtʃɪrfəl/

being full of or promoting cheer; having or showing good spirits

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

chillnounUS /tʃɪl/

coldness due to a cold environment

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

Corso

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.

damasknounUS /ˈdæməsk/

a table linen made from linen with a damask pattern

From this reading It has faded frescos, and tarnished gilding, and green blinds, and a few damask chairs still remain in it.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.

enjoyedverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪd/

past form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

fadedadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪdəd/

having lost freshness or brilliance of color

From this reading It has faded frescos, and tarnished gilding, and green blinds, and a few damask chairs still remain in it.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading It has faded frescos, and tarnished gilding, and green blinds, and a few damask chairs still remain in it.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

filledadjectiveUS /fɪld/

(usually followed by “with” or used as a combining form) generously supplied with

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

frescos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It has faded frescos, and tarnished gilding, and green blinds, and a few damask chairs still remain in it.

furnishedadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrnɪʃt/

provided with whatever is necessary for a purpose (as furniture or equipment or authority)

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

gildingnounUS /ˈɡɪldɪŋ/

a coating of gold or of something that looks like gold

From this reading It has faded frescos, and tarnished gilding, and green blinds, and a few damask chairs still remain in it.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading It has faded frescos, and tarnished gilding, and green blinds, and a few damask chairs still remain in it.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

impressionnounUS /ˌɪmˈpreʃən/

a vague idea in which some confidence is placed

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

looksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

masterpiecesnounUS /ˈmæstərpiːsəz/

plural of “masterpiece” — the most outstanding work of a creative artist or craftsman

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

merryadjectiveUS /ˈmeri/

full of or showing high-spirited merriment

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

momentsnounUS /ˈmoʊmənts/

plural of “moment” — a particular point in time

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

MondaynounUS /ˈmʌndi/

the second day of the week; the first working day

From this reading On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.

moreoveradverbUS /mɔːˈroʊvər/

in addition to what has just been said

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading It has faded frescos, and tarnished gilding, and green blinds, and a few damask chairs still remain in it.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.

scantilyadverbUS /ˈskæntəli/

in a skimpy manner

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

sculpturenounUS /ˈskʌlptʃər/

a three-dimensional work of plastic art

From this reading On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.

sculpture-gallery

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

shabbilyadverb

so as to appear worn and threadbare or dilapidated

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading It has faded frescos, and tarnished gilding, and green blinds, and a few damask chairs still remain in it.

tarnishedverbUS /ˈtɑːrnɪʃt/

past form of “tarnish” — make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically

From this reading It has faded frescos, and tarnished gilding, and green blinds, and a few damask chairs still remain in it.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

vainadjectiveUS /veɪn/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

VaticannounUS /ˈvætɪkən/

the residence of the Catholic Pope in the Vatican City

From this reading On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading On Monday we all went to the sculpture-gallery of the Vatican, and saw as much of the sculpture as we could in the three hours during which the public are admissible.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading There were a few things which I really enjoyed, and a few moments during which I really seemed to see them; but it is in vain to attempt giving the impression produced by masterpieces of art, and most in vain when we see them best.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading There is a small balcony, looking down on the Corso, which probably has often been filled with a merry little family party, in the carnivals of days long past.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The palace is about two hundred and fifty years old, and looks as if it had never been a very cheerful place; most shabbily and scantily furnished, moreover, and as chill as any cellar.

Chapter 4 of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. by Nathaniel Hawthorne holds 417 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. contain?

Chapter 4 holds 417 sentences of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1., unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. by Nathaniel Hawthorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 417 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.

Common questions about reading Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. by Nathaniel Hawthorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.?

Yes. All 2803 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7879 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #7879, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. take to read?

About 233 minutes of reading across 561 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. section by section

How to work through Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.

Words and structures a reader meets early in Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Passages
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hawthorne's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Note-books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
France
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.