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Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.
Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.
A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.
It was a needless service, for which we rewarded him with two baiocchi.
San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.
The statue of Moses occupies a niche in one of the side aisles on the right, not far from the high altar.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. is here in full — 400 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.
Line 2
A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.
Line 3
It was a needless service, for which we rewarded him with two baiocchi.
Line 4
San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.
Line 5
The statue of Moses occupies a niche in one of the side aisles on the right, not far from the high altar.
/ðə ˈstætʃuː ʌv ˈmoʊzəs ˈɑːkjəpaɪz ə nɪtʃ ɪn wʌn ʌv ðə saɪd aɪlz ɑːn ðə raɪt nɑːt fɑːr frʌm ðə haɪ ˈɔːltər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

abortion noun US /əˈbɔːrʃən/

termination of pregnancy

From this reading “A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.”

aisles noun US /aɪlz/

plural of “aisle” — a long narrow passage (as in a cave or woods)

From this reading “San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.”

diminutive adjective US /dɪˈmɪnjətɪv/

very small

From this reading “A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.”

Luke's noun US /luːks/

possessive form of “luke” — (New Testament) the Apostle closely associated with St. Paul and traditionally assumed to be the author of the third Gospel

From this reading “From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.”

nave noun US /neɪv/

the central area of a church

From this reading “San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.”

niche noun US /nɪtʃ/

a position particularly well suited to the person who occupies it

From this reading “The statue of Moses occupies a niche in one of the side aisles on the right, not far from the high altar.”

occupies verb US /ˈɑːkjəpaɪz/

third-person singular of “occupy” — keep busy with

From this reading “The statue of Moses occupies a niche in one of the side aisles on the right, not far from the high altar.”

unencumbered adjective US /ˌʌnenˈkʌmbərd/

free of encumbrance

From this reading “San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

abortionnounUS /əˈbɔːrʃən/

termination of pregnancy

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

accountedverbUS /əˈkaʊntɪd/

past form of “account” — be the sole or primary factor in the existence, acquisition, supply, or disposal of something

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

adornedadjectiveUS /əˈdɔːrnd/

provided with something intended to increase its beauty or distinction

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

affordsverbUS /əˈfɔːrdz/

third-person singular of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

aislesnounUS /aɪlz/

plural of “aisle” — a long narrow passage (as in a cave or woods)

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

altarnounUS /ˈɔːltər/

the table in Christian churches where communion is given

From this reading The statue of Moses occupies a niche in one of the side aisles on the right, not far from the high altar.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

baiocchi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was a needless service, for which we rewarded him with two baiocchi.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

breathing-space

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

churchesnounUS /ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “church” — one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

columnsnounUS /ˈkɑːləmz/

plural of “column” — a line of units following one after another

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

consistingverbUS /kənˈsɪstɪŋ/

-ing form of “consist” — originate

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

diminutiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈmɪnjətɪv/

very small

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

dividedadjectiveUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪd/

separated into parts or pieces

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

elsewhereadverbUS /ˈelswer/

in or to another place

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

Esquiline

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading The statue of Moses occupies a niche in one of the side aisles on the right, not far from the high altar.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

hastenedverbUS /ˈheɪsənd/

past form of “hasten” — act or move at high speed

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The statue of Moses occupies a niche in one of the side aisles on the right, not far from the high altar.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was a needless service, for which we rewarded him with two baiocchi.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

ill-shapenadjective

so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

infantnounUS /ˈɪnfənt/

a very young child (birth to 1 year) who has not yet begun to walk or talk

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

interioradjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪriər/

situated within or suitable for inside a building

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was a needless service, for which we rewarded him with two baiocchi.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

Luke'snounUS /luːks/

possessive form of “luke” — (New Testament) the Apostle closely associated with St. Paul and traditionally assumed to be the author of the third Gospel

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

MosesnounUS /ˈmoʊzəs/

(Old Testament) the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus; Moses received the Ten Commandments from God on Mount Sinai

From this reading The statue of Moses occupies a niche in one of the side aisles on the right, not far from the high altar.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

mountverbUS /maʊnt/

attach to a support

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

navenounUS /neɪv/

the central area of a church

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

needlessadjectiveUS /ˈniːdləs/

unnecessary and unwarranted

From this reading It was a needless service, for which we rewarded him with two baiocchi.

new-born

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

nichenounUS /nɪtʃ/

a position particularly well suited to the person who occupies it

From this reading The statue of Moses occupies a niche in one of the side aisles on the right, not far from the high altar.

nighadjectiveUS /naɪ/

not far distant in time or space or degree or circumstances

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The statue of Moses occupies a niche in one of the side aisles on the right, not far from the high altar.

occupiesverbUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪz/

third-person singular of “occupy” — keep busy with

From this reading The statue of Moses occupies a niche in one of the side aisles on the right, not far from the high altar.

occupyingverbUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “occupy” — keep busy with

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The statue of Moses occupies a niche in one of the side aisles on the right, not far from the high altar.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

phenomenonnounUS /fəˈnɑːmənɑːn/

any state or process known through the senses rather than by intuition or reasoning

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

Pietro

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

rewardedverbUS /rɪˈwɔːrdɪd/

past form of “reward” — bestow honor or rewards upon

From this reading It was a needless service, for which we rewarded him with two baiocchi.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading The statue of Moses occupies a niche in one of the side aisles on the right, not far from the high altar.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

rowsnounUS /roʊz/

plural of “row” — an arrangement of objects or people side by side in a line

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

sacristannoun

an officer of the church who is in charge of sacred objects

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

San

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading It was a needless service, for which we rewarded him with two baiocchi.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

statuenounUS /ˈstætʃuː/

a sculpture representing a human or animal

From this reading The statue of Moses occupies a niche in one of the side aisles on the right, not far from the high altar.

summitnounUS /ˈsʌmət/

the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

summonverbUS /ˈsʌmən/

call in an official matter, such as to attend court

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

swaddling-clothes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

templenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading It was a needless service, for which we rewarded him with two baiocchi.

two-foot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

unencumberedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnenˈkʌmbərd/

free of encumbrance

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

Vincoli

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was a needless service, for which we rewarded him with two baiocchi.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading From St. Luke's we went to San Pietro in Vincoli, occupying a fine position on or near the summit of the Esquiline mount.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was a needless service, for which we rewarded him with two baiocchi.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading San Pietro is a simple and noble church, consisting of a nave divided from the side aisles by rows of columns, that once adorned some ancient temple; and its wide, unencumbered interior affords better breathing-space than most churches in Rome.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was a needless service, for which we rewarded him with two baiocchi.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

wrappingnounUS /ˈræpɪŋ/

the covering (usually paper or cellophane) in which something is wrapped

From this reading A little abortion of a man (and, by the by, there are more diminutive and ill-shapen men and women in Rome than I ever saw elsewhere, a phenomenon to be accounted for, perhaps, by their custom of wrapping the new-born infant in swaddling-clothes), this two-foot abortion hastened before us, as we drew nigh, to summon the sacristan to open the church door.

Chapter 5 of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. by Nathaniel Hawthorne holds 400 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. contain?

Chapter 5 holds 400 sentences of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1., unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. by Nathaniel Hawthorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 400 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.

Common questions about reading Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. by Nathaniel Hawthorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 2803 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7879 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7879, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. take to read?

About 233 minutes of reading across 561 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. section by section

How to work through Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.

Words and structures a reader meets early in Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Passages
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hawthorne's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Note-books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
France
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Passages from the French and Italian Notebooks, Volume 1.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.