Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
Past and Present
Past and Present

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Past and Present is here in full — 83 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Past and Present
Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.
'It was,' says he, 'the year after the Flemings were defeated at Fornham St. Genevieve.'
------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.
For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.
Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Past and Present

Chapter VII · Chapter 7

Chapter 7 of Past and Present is here in full — 83 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.
Line 2
'It was,' says he, 'the year after the Flemings were defeated at Fornham St. Genevieve.'
Line 3
------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.
Line 4
For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.
Line 5
Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

dialects noun US /ˈdaɪəlekts/

plural of “dialect” — the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people

From this reading “For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.”

erudite adjective US /ˈerədaɪt/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading “For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.”

Flemings noun US /ˈflemɪŋz/

plural of “fleming” — British writer famous for writing spy novels about secret agent James Bond (1908-1964)

From this reading “'It was,' says he, 'the year after the Flemings were defeated at Fornham St. Genevieve.'”

noun noun US /naʊn/

a content word that can be used to refer to a person, place, thing, quality, or action

From this reading “Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!”

pokes noun US /poʊks/

plural of “poke” — tall coarse perennial American herb having small white flowers followed by blackish-red berries on long drooping racemes; young fleshy stems are edible; berries and root are poisonous

From this reading “------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.”

puzzles noun US /ˈpʌzəlz/

plural of “puzzle” — a particularly baffling problem that is said to have a correct solution

From this reading “------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.”

script noun US /skrɪpt/

a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance

From this reading “------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.”

Stow verb US /stoʊ/

fill by packing tightly

All words in this reading · 136

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

addsnounUS /ædz/

plural of “add” — a condition (mostly in boys) characterized by behavioral and learning disorders

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading 'It was,' says he, 'the year after the Flemings were defeated at Fornham St. Genevieve.'

amountsnounUS /əˈmaʊnts/

plural of “amount” — a quantity of money

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading 'It was,' says he, 'the year after the Flemings were defeated at Fornham St. Genevieve.'

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

befallverbUS /bɪˈfɔːl/

become of; happen to

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

Beodric

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

Beodric's-worth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

biographynounUS /baɪˈɑːɡrəfi/

an account of the series of events making up a person's life

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

BuryverbUS /ˈberi/

cover from sight

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

ConditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

defeatedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfiːtəd/

beaten or overcome; not victorious

From this reading 'It was,' says he, 'the year after the Flemings were defeated at Fornham St. Genevieve.'

dialectsnounUS /ˈdaɪəlekts/

plural of “dialect” — the usage or vocabulary that is characteristic of a specific group of people

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

Dryasdust

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

East-Anglian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

Edmund

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

Edmund's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

elapsedadjectiveUS /ɪˈlæpst/

(of time) having passed or slipped by

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

endingnounUS /ˈendɪŋ/

the end of a word (a suffix or inflectional ending or final morpheme)

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

enteredverbUS /ˈentərd/

past form of “enter” — to come or go into

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

equivalentnounUS /ɪˈkwɪvələnt/

a person or thing equal to another in value or measure or force or effect or significance etc

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

eruditeadjectiveUS /ˈerədaɪt/

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

EstatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

FlemingsnounUS /ˈflemɪŋz/

plural of “fleming” — British writer famous for writing spy novels about secret agent James Bond (1908-1964)

From this reading 'It was,' says he, 'the year after the Flemings were defeated at Fornham St. Genevieve.'

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

Fornham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'It was,' says he, 'the year after the Flemings were defeated at Fornham St. Genevieve.'

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

FriendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

Genevieve

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'It was,' says he, 'the year after the Flemings were defeated at Fornham St. Genevieve.'

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

GrowthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

HamletnounUS /ˈhæmlət/

a community of people smaller than a village

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading 'It was,' says he, 'the year after the Flemings were defeated at Fornham St. Genevieve.'

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

IncreasenounUS /ˌɪnˈkriːs/

a quantity that is added

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

innumerableadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈnuːmərəbəl/

too numerous to be counted

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading 'It was,' says he, 'the year after the Flemings were defeated at Fornham St. Genevieve.'

Jocelin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

LandlordnounUS /ˈlændlɔːrd/

a landowner who leases to others

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

MansionnounUS /ˈmænʃən/

(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

meanverbUS /miːn/

mean or intend to express or convey

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

meaningnounUS /ˈmiːnɪŋ/

the message that is intended or expressed or signified

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

mentionverbUS /ˈmenʃən/

make reference to

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

MonasterynounUS /ˈmɑːnəsteri/

the residence of a religious community

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

NayexclamationUS /neɪ/

an old word for “no”

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

North-country

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

nounnounUS /naʊn/

a content word that can be used to refer to a person, place, thing, quality, or action

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

NovicenounUS /ˈnɑːvəs/

someone who has entered a religious order but has not taken final vows

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

originallyadverbUS /ərˈɪdʒənəli/

in an original manner

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

PersonnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

pokesnounUS /poʊks/

plural of “poke” — tall coarse perennial American herb having small white flowers followed by blackish-red berries on long drooping racemes; young fleshy stems are edible; berries and root are poisonous

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

puzzlesnounUS /ˈpʌzəlz/

plural of “puzzle” — a particularly baffling problem that is said to have a correct solution

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

repugns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

SaxonnounUS /ˈsæksən/

a member of a Germanic people who conquered England and merged with the Angles and Jutes to become Anglo-Saxons; dominant in England until the Norman Conquest

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading 'It was,' says he, 'the year after the Flemings were defeated at Fornham St. Genevieve.'

scriptnounUS /skrɪpt/

a written version of a play or other dramatic composition; used in preparing for a performance

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

SistersnounUS /ˈsɪstərz/

plural of “sister” — a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

speakverbUS /spiːk/

express in speech

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

standardadjectiveUS /ˈstændərd/

conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

StowverbUS /stoʊ/

fill by packing tightly

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 'It was,' says he, 'the year after the Flemings were defeated at Fornham St. Genevieve.'

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

Threadneedle-street

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

TownnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Landlord Edmund Some three centuries or so had elapsed since _Beodric's-worth_* became St. Edmund's _Stow,_ St. Edmund's _Town_ and Monastery, before Jocelin entered himself a Novice there.

tracesnounUS /ˈtreɪsəz/

plural of “trace” — a just detectable amount

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

valuenounUS /ˈvæljuː/

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

vocablenoun

a word that is spoken aloud

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading 'It was,' says he, 'the year after the Flemings were defeated at Fornham St. Genevieve.'

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

WeirdadjectiveUS /wɪrd/

suggesting the operation of supernatural influences

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

weorth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

werden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading 'It was,' says he, 'the year after the Flemings were defeated at Fornham St. Genevieve.'

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

WoenounUS /woʊ/

misery resulting from affliction

From this reading Nay we in modern English still say, 'Woe _worth_ the hour' (Woe _befall_ the hour), and speak of the _'Weird_ Sisters;' not to mention the innumerable other names of places still ending in _weorth_ or _worth._ And indeed, our common noun _worth,_ in the sense of _value,_ does not this mean simply, What a thing has _grown_ to, What a man has _grown_ to, How much he amounts to,--by the Threadneedle-street standard or another!

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading For, adds our erudite Friend, the Saxon [script], equivalent to the German _werden,_ means to _grow,_ to _become;_ traces of which old vocable are still found in the North-country dialects, as, 'What is _word_ of him? meaning 'What is become of him?' and the like.

worthnounUS /wɜːrθ/

an indefinite quantity of something having a specified value

From this reading ------------- * Dryasdust puzzles and pokes for some biography of this Beodric; and repugns to consider him a mere East-Anglian Person of Condition, not in need of a biography,--whose [script] _weorth_ or _worth,_ that is to say, _Growth,_ Increase, or as we should now name it, _Estate,_ that same Hamlet and wood Mansion, now St. Edmund's Bury, originally was.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading 'It was,' says he, 'the year after the Flemings were defeated at Fornham St. Genevieve.'

Chapter 7 of Past and Present by Thomas Carlyle holds 83 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Past and Present contain?

Chapter 7 holds 83 sentences of Past and Present, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Past and Present by Thomas Carlyle exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 83 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Past and Present?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Past and Present

Common questions about reading Past and Present by Thomas Carlyle on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Past and Present?

Yes. All 4084 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13534 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Past and Present is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13534, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Past and Present take to read?

About 340 minutes of reading across 817 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Past and Present section by section

How to work through Past and Present section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Past and Present to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Past and Present

Words and structures a reader meets early in Past and Present, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Example
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Past and Present; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Other
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Past and Present; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Past and Present; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sphinx
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Past and Present; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.