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Past and Present
Past and Present

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Past and Present is here in full — 48 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
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Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.
They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?
The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.
Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!
Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Past and Present

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of Past and Present is here in full — 48 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.
Line 2
They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?
Line 3
The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.
Line 4
Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!
Line 5
Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

culinary adjective US /ˈkjuːlɪneri/

of or relating to or used in cooking

From this reading “Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.”

devotional adjective US /dɪˈvoʊʃənəl/

relating to worship

From this reading “The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.”

Dominus noun US /doʊˈmiːnəs/

a clergyman; especially a settled minister or parson

Exchequer noun US /ˈekstʃekər/

the funds of a government or institution or individual

From this reading “Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.”

Inspectors noun US /ˌɪnˈspektərz/

plural of “inspector” — a high ranking police officer

From this reading “Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.”

inventories noun US /ˌɪnvənˈtɔːriz/

plural of “inventory” — a detailed list of all the items in stock

From this reading “They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?”

pittance noun US /ˈpɪtəns/

an inadequate payment

ration noun US /ˈræʃən/

the food allowance for one day (especially for service personnel)

From this reading “The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.”

All words in this reading · 128

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

AbbotnounUS /ˈæbət/

the superior of an abbey of monks

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

allottedadjectiveUS /əˈlɑːtɪd/

given as a task

From this reading The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

appointverbUS /əˈpɔɪnt/

create and charge with a task or function

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

awakeningnounUS /əˈweɪkənɪŋ/

the act of waking

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

beingsnounUS /ˈbiːɪŋz/

plural of “being” — the state or fact of existing

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

bodilyadverbUS /ˈbɑːdəli/

in bodily form

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

breathlessadjectiveUS /ˈbreθləs/

not breathing or able to breathe except with difficulty

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

callverbUS /kɔːl/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.

CenturiesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

CenturynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

chantverbUS /tʃænt/

recite with musical intonation; recite as a chant or a psalm

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

chimney-throats

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

circumstancenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

clapt-on

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

comingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

complainverbUS /kəmˈpleɪn/

express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

consumeverbUS /kənˈsuːm/

eat up completely, as with great appetite

From this reading The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.

culinaryadjectiveUS /ˈkjuːlɪneri/

of or relating to or used in cooking

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

Custodiars

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

devotionaladjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊʃənəl/

relating to worship

From this reading The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.

DimadjectiveUS /dɪm/

lacking in light; not bright or harsh

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.

DominusnounUS /doʊˈmiːnəs/

a clergyman; especially a settled minister or parson

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

dreamnounUS /driːm/

A series of thoughts, images, or emotions during sleep.

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

drill-exercise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.

earnounUS /iːr/

the sense organ for hearing and equilibrium

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

echoesnounUS /ˈekoʊz/

plural of “echo” — the repetition of a sound resulting from reflection of the sound waves

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

ever-surprising

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

everywhereadverbUS /ˈevriwer/

to or in any or all places

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

exactedverbUS /ɪɡˈzæktɪd/

past form of “exact” — claim as due or just

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

ExchequernounUS /ˈekstʃekər/

the funds of a government or institution or individual

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

gazenounUS /ɡeɪz/

a long fixed look

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

Glanvill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.

hastenounUS /heɪst/

overly eager speed (and possible carelessness)

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

InspectorsnounUS /ˌɪnˈspektərz/

plural of “inspector” — a high ranking police officer

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

inventoriesnounUS /ˌɪnvənˈtɔːriz/

plural of “inventory” — a detailed list of all the items in stock

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

Justiciarius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

looksnounUS /lʊks/

plural of “look” — the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

loud-braying

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

matinsnoun

the first canonical hour; at daybreak

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

meanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

measurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

monknounUS /mʌŋk/

a male religious living in a cloister and devoting himself to contemplation and prayer and work

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

monk-life

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

nonesnoun

the fifth of the seven canonical hours; about 3 p.m.

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

patiencenounUS /ˈpeɪʃəns/

good-natured tolerance of delay or incompetence

From this reading The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.

pitantia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.

pittancenounUS /ˈpɪtəns/

an inadequate payment

From this reading The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.

possessverbUS /pəˈzes/

have as an attribute, knowledge, or skill

From this reading The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.

proceededverbUS /prəˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “proceed” — continue talking

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

Ranulf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

rationnounUS /ˈræʃən/

the food allowance for one day (especially for service personnel)

From this reading The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.

revenuesnounUS /ˈrevənuːz/

plural of “revenue” — the entire amount of income before any deductions are made

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

RexnounUS /reks/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

rigournoun

the quality of being valid and rigorous

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

risesnounUS /ˈraɪzəz/

plural of “rise” — a growth in strength or number or importance

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

Scaccarium

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

sealsnounUS /siːlz/

plural of “seal” — fastener consisting of a resinous composition that is plastic when warm; used for sealing documents and parcels and letters

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

SevennounUS /ˈsevən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

SmokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

strictadjectiveUS /strɪkt/

rigidly accurate; allowing no deviation from a standard

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

talenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

TwelfthadjectiveUS /twelfθ/

coming next after the eleventh and just before the thirteenth in position

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Twelfth Century Our Abbot being dead, the _Dominus Rex,_ Henry II, or Ranulf de Glanvill _Justiciarius_ of England for him, set Inspectors or Custodiars over us;--not in any breathless haste to appoint a new Abbot, our revenues coming into his own Scaccarium, or royal Exchequer, in the meanwhile.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

vespersnoun

the sixth of the seven canonical hours of the divine office; early evening; now often made a public service on Sundays

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

victualverb

supply with food

From this reading The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.

vistanounUS /ˈvɪstə/

the visual percept of a region

From this reading Dim, as through a long vista of Seven Centuries, dim and very strange looks that monk-life to us; the ever-surprising circumstance this, That it is a _fact_ and no dream, that we see it there, and gaze into the very eyes of it!

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The living monk has to do his devotional drill-exercise; consume his allotted _pitantia,_ what we call _pittance,_ or ration of victual; and possess his soul in patience.

whereforeadverbUS /werˈfɔːr/

an old word meaning “why” or “for that reason”

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Smoke rises daily from those culinary chimney-throats; there are living human beings there, who chant, loud-braying, their matins, nones, vespers; awakening echoes, not to the bodily ear alone.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading They proceeded with some rigour, these Custodiars; took written inventories, clapt-on seals, exacted everywhere strict tale and measure: but wherefore should a living monk complain?

Chapter 9 of Past and Present by Thomas Carlyle holds 48 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of Past and Present contain?

Chapter 9 holds 48 sentences of Past and Present, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of Past and Present by Thomas Carlyle exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 48 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of Past and Present?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Past and Present

Common questions about reading Past and Present by Thomas Carlyle on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Past and Present?

Yes. All 4084 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #13534 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Past and Present is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #13534, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Past and Present take to read?

About 340 minutes of reading across 817 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Past and Present section by section

How to work through Past and Present section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Past and Present to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Past and Present

Words and structures a reader meets early in Past and Present, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Example
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Past and Present; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Other
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Past and Present; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Past and Present; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sphinx
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Past and Present; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.