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Past and Present
Past and Present

Chapter XXXVII · Chapter 37

Chapter 37 of Past and Present is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.
Government can do much, but it can in no wise do all.
Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.
But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.
Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Past and Present

Chapter XXXVII · Chapter 37

Chapter 37 of Past and Present is here in full — 169 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.
Line 2
Government can do much, but it can in no wise do all.
/ˈɡʌvərmənt kæn duː mʌtʃ bʌt ɪt kæn ɪn noʊ waɪz duː ɔːl/
Line 3
Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.
/ˈɡʌvərmənt æz ðə moʊst kənˈspɪkjuːəs ˈɑːbdʒekt ɪn səˈsaɪəti ɪz kɔːld əˈpɑːn tuː ɡɪv ˈsɪɡnəl ʌv wʌt ʃæl biː dʌn ənd ɪn ˈmeni weɪz tuː prɪˈzaɪd ˈoʊvər ˈfɜːrðər ənd kəˈmænd ðə ˈduːɪŋ ʌv ɪt/
Line 4
But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.
Line 5
Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.
/ʌv ɔːl ðæt kæn biː eˈnæktəd baɪ ˈeni ˈpɑːrləmənt ɪn rɪˈɡɑːrd tuː ɪt ðə dʒɜːrmz mʌst ɔːlˈredi laɪ pəˈtenʃəli ˈekstənt ɪn ðoʊz tuː ˈklæsəz huː ɑːr tuː oʊˈbeɪ sʌtʃ eˈnæktmənt/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adjuncts noun US /ˈædʒʌŋkts/

plural of “adjunct” — something added to another thing but not an essential part of it

From this reading “Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.”

enactment noun US /eˈnæktmənt/

the passing of a law by a legislative body

From this reading “Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.”

extant adjective US /ˈekstənt/

still in existence; not extinct or destroyed or lost

From this reading “Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.”

germs noun US /dʒɜːrmz/

plural of “germ” — anything that provides inspiration for later work

From this reading “Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.”

potentially adverb US /pəˈtenʃəli/

with a possibility of becoming actual

From this reading “Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.”

radically adverb US /ˈrædɪkli/

in a radical manner

From this reading “But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.”

remedial adjective US /rɪˈmiːdiəl/

tending or intended to rectify or improve

From this reading “Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.”

signalling verb US /ˈsɪɡnəlɪŋ/

inflected form of “signal” — communicate silently and non-verbally by signals or signs

From this reading “But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.”

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adjunctsnounUS /ˈædʒʌŋkts/

plural of “adjunct” — something added to another thing but not an essential part of it

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Government can do much, but it can in no wise do all.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Government can do much, but it can in no wise do all.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Government can do much, but it can in no wise do all.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

CaptainsnounUS /ˈkæptənz/

plural of “captain” — an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

ClassesnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

commandnounUS /kəˈmænd/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

commandingadjectiveUS /kəˈmændɪŋ/

used of a height or viewpoint

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

conspicuousadjectiveUS /kənˈspɪkjuːəs/

obvious to the eye or mind

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

continueverbUS /kənˈtɪnjuː/

continue a certain state, condition, or activity

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

diseasenounUS /dɪˈziːz/

an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Government can do much, but it can in no wise do all.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

enactedverbUS /eˈnæktəd/

past form of “enact” — order by virtue of superior authority; decree

From this reading Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.

enactmentnounUS /eˈnæktmənt/

the passing of a law by a legislative body

From this reading Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

exactadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzækt/

Strictly particular and correct.

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

extantadjectiveUS /ˈekstənt/

still in existence; not extinct or destroyed or lost

From this reading Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

germsnounUS /dʒɜːrmz/

plural of “germ” — anything that provides inspiration for later work

From this reading Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

GovernmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

henceforthadverbUS /ˈhenˈsfɔːrθ/

from this time forth; from now on

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

idleadjectiveUS /ˈaɪdəl/

not in action or at work

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

immenseadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmens/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Government can do much, but it can in no wise do all.

indisposedadjective

somewhat ill or prone to illness

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

IndustrynounUS /ˈɪndəstri/

the people or companies engaged in a particular kind of commercial enterprise

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

insusceptibleadjective

not susceptible to

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

LabournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

lieverbUS /laɪ/

be located or situated somewhere; occupy a certain position

From this reading Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.

LikeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

long-runadjective

relating to or extending over a relatively long time

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

mainadjectiveUS /meɪn/

most important element

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

Mammonism

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

ManagingverbUS /ˈmænədʒɪŋ/

-ing form of “manage” — be successful; achieve a goal

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

measuresnounUS /ˈmeʒərz/

plural of “measure” — any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

middlenounUS /ˈmɪdəl/

an area that is approximately central within some larger region

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Government can do much, but it can in no wise do all.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Government can do much, but it can in no wise do all.

obeyverbUS /oʊˈbeɪ/

be obedient to

From this reading Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

Organising

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

ParliamentnounUS /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.

PeoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

potentiallyadverbUS /pəˈtenʃəli/

with a possibility of becoming actual

From this reading Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.

practicallyadverbUS /ˈpræktɪkli/

almost; nearly

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

presideverbUS /prɪˈzaɪd/

act as president

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

principlenounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

ProblemnounUS /ˈprɑːbləm/

a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

radicallyadverbUS /ˈrædɪkli/

in a radical manner

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

reckonverbUS /ˈrekən/

expect, believe, or suppose

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.

remedialadjectiveUS /rɪˈmiːdiəl/

tending or intended to rectify or improve

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

remedynounUS /ˈremədi/

act of correcting an error or a fault or an evil

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

seriousadjectiveUS /ˈsɪriəs/

concerned with work or important matters rather than play or trivialities

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

signalnounUS /ˈsɪɡnəl/

any nonverbal action or gesture that encodes a message

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

signallingverbUS /ˈsɪɡnəlɪŋ/

inflected form of “signal” — communicate silently and non-verbally by signals or signs

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

SocietynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

solicitverbUS /səˈlɪsɪt/

make a solicitation or entreaty for something; request urgently or persistently

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

solvedadjectiveUS /sɑːlvd/

explained or answered

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

substancenounUS /ˈsʌbstəns/

the real physical matter of which a person or thing consists

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.

symbolnounUS /ˈsɪmbəl/

an arbitrary sign (written or printed) that has acquired a conventional significance

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Of all that can be enacted by any Parliament in regard to it, the germs must already lie potentially extant in those two Classes, who are to obey such enactment.

unwisdom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Government, as the most conspicuous object in Society, is called upon to give signal of what shall be done; and, in many ways, to preside over, further, and command the doing of it.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

wisdomnounUS /ˈwɪzdəm/

accumulated knowledge or erudition or enlightenment

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading Government can do much, but it can in no wise do all.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Captains of Industry If I believed that Mammonism with its adjuncts was to continue henceforth the one serious principle of our existence, I should reckon it idle to solicit remedial measures from any Government, the disease being insusceptible of remedy.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

WorkingadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading But the Government cannot do, by all its signalling and commanding, what the Society is radically indisposed to do.--In the long-run every Government is the exact symbol of its People, with their wisdom and unwisdom; we have to say, Like People like Government.--The main substance of this immense Problem of Organising Labour, and first of all of Managing the Working Classes, will, it is very clear, have to be solved by those who stand practically in the middle of it; by those who themselves work and preside over work.

Chapter 37 of Past and Present by Thomas Carlyle holds 169 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 37 of Past and Present contain?

Chapter 37 holds 169 sentences of Past and Present, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 37 of Past and Present by Thomas Carlyle exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 169 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

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Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Vocabulary met early in Past and Present

Words and structures a reader meets early in Past and Present, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

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Fable
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Sphinx
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