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Past and Present — Vol. XIII
Past and Present — Vol. XIII

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Past and Present — Vol. XIII is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Chapter 18 of Past and Present — Vol. XIII by Thomas Carlyle holds 110 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Past and Present — Vol. XIII contain?

Chapter 18 holds 110 sentences of Past and Present — Vol. XIII, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Past and Present — Vol. XIII by Thomas Carlyle exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 110 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Past and Present — Vol. XIII?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Past and Present — Vol. XIII

Common questions about reading Past and Present — Vol. XIII by Thomas Carlyle on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Past and Present — Vol. XIII?

Yes. All 4278 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26159 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Past and Present — Vol. XIII is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26159, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Past and Present — Vol. XIII take to read?

About 356 minutes of reading across 856 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Past and Present — Vol. XIII section by section

How to work through Past and Present — Vol. XIII section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 37 chapters of Past and Present — Vol. XIII to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Past and Present — Vol. XIII

Words and structures a reader meets early in Past and Present — Vol. XIII, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Collected
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Past and Present — Vol. XIII; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Works
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Past and Present — Vol. XIII; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Present
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Past and Present — Vol. XIII; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Past and Present — Vol. XIII; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cover illustration for Past and Present — Vol. XIII
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE BEGINNINGS.
What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!
Formulas too, as we call them, have a _reality_ in Human Life.
They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!
No man, or man's life, can go abroad and do business in the world without skin and tissues.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Past and Present — Vol. XIII

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Past and Present — Vol. XIII is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BEGINNINGS.
Line 2
What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!
Line 3
Formulas too, as we call them, have a _reality_ in Human Life.
Line 4
They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!
Line 5
No man, or man's life, can go abroad and do business in the world without skin and tissues.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!”

Strangely noun US /ˈstrangely/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!”

Without preposition US /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading “No man, or man's life, can go abroad and do business in the world without skin and tissues.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

Abbot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

abroad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No man, or man's life, can go abroad and do business in the world without skin and tissues.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Formulas too, as we call them, have a _reality_ in Human Life.

BEGINNINGS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BEGINNINGS.

birth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

blessed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

business

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No man, or man's life, can go abroad and do business in the world without skin and tissues.

call

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Formulas too, as we call them, have a _reality_ in Human Life.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading No man, or man's life, can go abroad and do business in the world without skin and tissues.

creeds

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

date

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

figure

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

formularies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

Formulas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Formulas too, as we call them, have a _reality_ in Human Life.

go

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No man, or man's life, can go abroad and do business in the world without skin and tissues.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

history

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

Human

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Formulas too, as we call them, have a _reality_ in Human Life.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

indispensable

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

Life

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Formulas too, as we call them, have a _reality_ in Human Life.

living

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

long

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

Man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

man's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

modes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

modify

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

most

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

muscular

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No man, or man's life, can go abroad and do business in the world without skin and tissues.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading No man, or man's life, can go abroad and do business in the world without skin and tissues.

place

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

real

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

reality

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Formulas too, as we call them, have a _reality_ in Human Life.

Samson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

shape

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

singular

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

skin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

strangelynounUS /ˈstrangely/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BEGINNINGS.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Formulas too, as we call them, have a _reality_ in Human Life.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

thing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

Time

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

tissue

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

tissues

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No man, or man's life, can go abroad and do business in the world without skin and tissues.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

too

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Formulas too, as we call them, have a _reality_ in Human Life.

very

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

vitality

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What a singular shape of a Man, shape of a Time, have we in this Abbot Samson and his history; how strangely do modes, creeds, formularies, and the date and place of a man's birth, modify the figure of the man!

withal

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They are real as the very _skin_ and _muscular tissue_ of a Man's Life; and a most blessed indispensable thing, so long as they have _vitality_ withal, and are a _living_ skin and tissue to him!

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading No man, or man's life, can go abroad and do business in the world without skin and tissues.

world

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading No man, or man's life, can go abroad and do business in the world without skin and tissues.