Past and Present — Vol. XIII

Chapter XXIV

Chapter 24 of Past and Present — Vol. XIII is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

By Thomas Carlyle • Curated US English Learning Edition

Chapter 24 of Past and Present — Vol. XIII by Thomas Carlyle holds 108 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 24 of Past and Present — Vol. XIII contain?

Chapter 24 holds 108 sentences of Past and Present — Vol. XIII, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 24 of Past and Present — Vol. XIII by Thomas Carlyle exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 108 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 24 of Past and Present — Vol. XIII?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 24 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 24 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Past and Present — Vol. XIII

Common questions about reading Past and Present — Vol. XIII by Thomas Carlyle on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Past and Present — Vol. XIII?

Yes. All 4278 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26159 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Past and Present — Vol. XIII is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26159, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Past and Present — Vol. XIII take to read?

About 356 minutes of reading across 856 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Past and Present — Vol. XIII section by section

How to work through Past and Present — Vol. XIII section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

Open a chapter

Choose one of the 37 chapters of Past and Present — Vol. XIII to begin.
Read one section

Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
Listen and tap

Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Past and Present — Vol. XIII

Words and structures a reader meets early in Past and Present — Vol. XIII, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Collected: A word that appears in the opening chapter of Past and Present — Vol. XIII; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Works: A word that appears in the opening chapter of Past and Present — Vol. XIII; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Present: A word that appears in the opening chapter of Past and Present — Vol. XIII; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
London: A word that appears in the opening chapter of Past and Present — Vol. XIII; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.

Cover illustration for Past and Present — Vol. XIII

English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5

UNWORKING ARISTOCRACY.

It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.

The Land is _Mother_ of us all; nourishes, shelters, gladdens, lovingly enriches us all; in how many ways, from our first wakening to our last sleep on her blessed mother-bosom, does she, as with blessed mother-arms, enfold us all!

The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

Narrator

Speed 0.75x

AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English

LEARNER DICTIONARY

Archivist

/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/

Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Chapter XXIV Reading 1/22

Past and Present — Vol. XIII Thomas Carlyle

Chapter XXIV

Chapter 24 of Past and Present — Vol. XIII is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

UNWORKING ARISTOCRACY. It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land. It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be. The Land is _Mother_ of us all; nourishes, shelters, gladdens, lovingly enriches us all; in how many ways, from our first wakening to our last sleep on her blessed mother-bosom, does she, as with blessed mother-arms, enfold us all! The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

Past and Present — Vol. XIII

Chapter XXIV

Chapter 24 of Past and Present — Vol. XIII is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1

UNWORKING ARISTOCRACY.

Line 2

It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

Line 3

It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.

Line 4

Line 5

The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.”

Yet conjunction US /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading “The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

Abbot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.

any

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

ARISTOCRACY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading UNWORKING ARISTOCRACY.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.

auroral

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

basis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.

blessed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Land is _Mother_ of us all; nourishes, shelters, gladdens, lovingly enriches us all; in how many ways, from our first wakening to our last sleep on her blessed mother-bosom, does she, as with blessed mother-arms, enfold us all!

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.

divorce

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

emphatically

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

enfold

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

enriches

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

first

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

gladdens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

Governor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

Henry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

Hill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

hour

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

Land

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

last

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

lovingly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

many

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

more

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

Mother

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

mother-arms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

mother-bosom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

nourishes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

Plantagenet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.

possesses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

right

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

rise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

said

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

Samson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.

saw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

shelters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

sleep

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

Sun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.

things

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

UNWORKING

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading UNWORKING ARISTOCRACY.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

Viceking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

wakening

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.

ways

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

well

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

whoever

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is well said, 'Land is the right basis of an Aristocracy;' whoever possesses the Land, he, more emphatically than any other, is the Governor, Viceking of the people on the Land.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading It is in these days as it was in those of Henry Plantagenet and Abbot Samson; as it will in all days be.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The Hill I first saw the Sun rise over, when the Sun and I and all things were yet in their auroral hour, who can divorce me from it?

Chapter XXIV

What does chapter 24 of Past and Present — Vol. XIII contain?

How do I study chapter 24 of Past and Present — Vol. XIII?

Can chapter 24 be read aloud to me?

Questions about reading Past and Present — Vol. XIII

How to read Past and Present — Vol. XIII section by section

Open a chapter

Read one section

Listen and tap

Vocabulary met early in Past and Present — Vol. XIII