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Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary
Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary is here in full — 611 sentences across 123 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.
We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.
We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.
We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.
But in the great majority of cases we shall also find another influence, which will serve to differentiate these plays from those we have been hitherto concerned with.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary is here in full — 611 sentences across 123 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/122 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.
Line 2
We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.
Line 3
We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.
/wiː hæv naʊ tuː kənˈsɪdər ə ˈsɪriz ʌv pleɪz les dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt ɑːn ðə hoʊl ðoʊ ˈveriɪŋ ˈɡreɪtli ɪn ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl ˈmerət wɪtʃ əˈmɪd ðə ləɡˈʒɜːriənt ɡroʊθ ʌv ðə roʊˈmæntɪk ˈdrɑːmə ˈtendɪd ɪn ə mɔːr spɑːnˈteɪniəs ənd les ˈpɜːrpəsfəl ˈmænər təˈwɔːrdz ðə kriˈeɪʃən ʌv ˈsʌmθɪŋ ʌv ə ˈpæstərəl trəˈdɪʃən/
Line 4
We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.
Line 5
But in the great majority of cases we shall also find another influence, which will serve to differentiate these plays from those we have been hitherto concerned with.
/bʌt ɪn ðə ɡreɪt məˈdʒɔːrəti ʌv ˈkeɪsəz wiː ʃæl ˈɔːlsoʊ faɪnd əˈnʌðər ˈɪnfluːəns wɪtʃ wɪl sɜːrv tuː ˌdɪfərˈenʃieɪt ðiːz pleɪz frʌm ðoʊz wiː hæv bɪn ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː kənˈsɜːrnd wɪð/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Arcadian noun US /ˌɑːrˈkeɪdiən/

an inhabitant of Arcadia

From this reading “We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.”

compositions noun US /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “composition” — the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading “We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.”

differentiate verb US /ˌdɪfərˈenʃieɪt/

mark as different

From this reading “But in the great majority of cases we shall also find another influence, which will serve to differentiate these plays from those we have been hitherto concerned with.”

groundwork noun US /ˈɡraʊndwɜːrk/

the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained

From this reading “We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.”

mythological adjective US /ˌmɪθəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

based on or told of in traditional stories; lacking factual basis or historical validity

From this reading “The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.”

purposeful adjective US /ˈpɜːrpəsfəl/

serving as or indicating the existence of a purpose or goal

From this reading “We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.”

traditional adjective US /trəˈdɪʃənəl/

consisting of or derived from tradition

From this reading “We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.”

variously adverb US /ˈveriəsli/

in diverse ways

From this reading “We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.”

All words in this reading · 120

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

achievedverbUS /əˈtʃiːvd/

past form of “achieve” — to gain with effort

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

amidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading But in the great majority of cases we shall also find another influence, which will serve to differentiate these plays from those we have been hitherto concerned with.

ArcadiannounUS /ˌɑːrˈkeɪdiən/

an inhabitant of Arcadia

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

artistsnounUS /ˈɑːrtɪsts/

plural of “artist” — a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

attemptsnounUS /əˈtempts/

plural of “attempt” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

borrowedverbUS /ˈbɑːroʊd/

past form of “borrow” — get temporarily

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But in the great majority of cases we shall also find another influence, which will serve to differentiate these plays from those we have been hitherto concerned with.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

casesnounUS /ˈkeɪsəz/

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading But in the great majority of cases we shall also find another influence, which will serve to differentiate these plays from those we have been hitherto concerned with.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

compositionsnounUS /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “composition” — the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

concernedadjectiveUS /kənˈsɜːrnd/

feeling or showing worry or solicitude

From this reading But in the great majority of cases we shall also find another influence, which will serve to differentiate these plays from those we have been hitherto concerned with.

considerverbUS /kənˈsɪdər/

deem to be

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

considerableadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərəbəl/

large or relatively large in number or amount or extent or degree

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

creationnounUS /kriˈeɪʃən/

the human act of creating

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

differentadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfərənt/

unlike in nature or quality or form or degree

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

differentiateverbUS /ˌdɪfərˈenʃieɪt/

mark as different

From this reading But in the great majority of cases we shall also find another influence, which will serve to differentiate these plays from those we have been hitherto concerned with.

directverbUS /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

DramanounUS /ˈdrɑːmə/

a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

elementsnounUS /ˈeləmənts/

violent or severe weather (viewed as caused by the action of the four elements)

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

endeavoured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

fallenadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlən/

having dropped by the force of gravity

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

faredverbUS /ferd/

past form of “fare” — proceed or get along

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

frequentverbUS /ˈfriːkwənt/

do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

giftedadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪftəd/

endowed with talent or talents

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading But in the great majority of cases we shall also find another influence, which will serve to differentiate these plays from those we have been hitherto concerned with.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

groundworknounUS /ˈɡraʊndwɜːrk/

the fundamental assumptions from which something is begun or developed or calculated or explained

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

growthnounUS /ɡroʊθ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

hithertoadverbUS /ˈhɪðɜːrˈtuː/

used in negative statement to describe a situation that has existed up to this point or up to the present time

From this reading But in the great majority of cases we shall also find another influence, which will serve to differentiate these plays from those we have been hitherto concerned with.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

imitationnounUS /ˌɪməˈteɪʃən/

the doctrine that representations of nature or human behavior should be accurate imitations

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

introduceverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːs/

cause to come to know personally

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

ItaliannounUS /ˌɪˈtæljən/

a native or inhabitant of Italy

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

ItalynounUS /ˈɪtəli/

a republic in southern Europe on the Italian Peninsula; was the core of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire between the 4th century BC and the 5th century AD

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

limitsnounUS /ˈlɪməts/

plural of “limit” — the greatest possible degree of something

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

luxuriantadjectiveUS /ləɡˈʒɜːriənt/

marked by complexity and richness of detail

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

majoritynounUS /məˈdʒɔːrəti/

the property resulting from being or relating to the greater in number of two parts; the main part

From this reading But in the great majority of cases we shall also find another influence, which will serve to differentiate these plays from those we have been hitherto concerned with.

mannernounUS /ˈmænər/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

meritnounUS /ˈmerət/

any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

mythologicaladjectiveUS /ˌmɪθəˈlɑːdʒɪkəl/

based on or told of in traditional stories; lacking factual basis or historical validity

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

notableadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəbəl/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

originnounUS /ˈɔːrədʒən/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

owingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

PastoraladjectiveUS /ˈpæstərəl/

of or relating to a pastor

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

playsnounUS /pleɪz/

plural of “play” — a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

produceverbUS /prəˈduːs/

bring forth or yield

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

purposefuladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrpəsfəl/

serving as or indicating the existence of a purpose or goal

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

requirementsnounUS /rɪˈkwaɪrmənts/

plural of “requirement” — required activity

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

romanticadjectiveUS /roʊˈmæntɪk/

belonging to or characteristic of Romanticism or the Romantic Movement in the arts

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

seriesnounUS /ˈsɪriz/

similar things placed in order or happening one after another

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

serveverbUS /sɜːrv/

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading But in the great majority of cases we shall also find another influence, which will serve to differentiate these plays from those we have been hitherto concerned with.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

spontaneousadjectiveUS /spɑːnˈteɪniəs/

happening or arising without apparent external cause

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

stagenounUS /steɪdʒ/

any distinct time period in a sequence of events

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

suitedadjectiveUS /ˈsuːtɪd/

meant or adapted for an occasion or use

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

tendedverbUS /ˈtendɪd/

past form of “tend” — have a tendency or disposition to do or be something; be inclined

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading But in the great majority of cases we shall also find another influence, which will serve to differentiate these plays from those we have been hitherto concerned with.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading But in the great majority of cases we shall also find another influence, which will serve to differentiate these plays from those we have been hitherto concerned with.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

thèse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

traditionnounUS /trəˈdɪʃən/

an inherited pattern of thought or action

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

traditionaladjectiveUS /trəˈdɪʃənəl/

consisting of or derived from tradition

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

translationnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

typenounUS /taɪp/

a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

variouslyadverbUS /ˈveriəsli/

in diverse ways

From this reading We have also seen how, in three notable compositions, three different and variously gifted artists had endeavoured to produce a form of pastoral drama suited to the requirements of the English stage, and how they had each in turn fallen short of complete success.

varyingadjectiveUS /ˈveriɪŋ/

marked by diversity or difference

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We shall find in thèse plays a considerable traditional influence, a groundwork, as it were, borrowed from the Arcadian drama of Italy, together with frequent elements owing their origin to plays of the mythological type.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading We have now to consider a series of plays, less distinguished on the whole, though varying greatly in individual merit, which, amid the luxuriant growth of the romantic drama, tended, in a more spontaneous and less purposeful manner, towards the creation of something of a pastoral tradition.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading But in the great majority of cases we shall also find another influence, which will serve to differentiate these plays from those we have been hitherto concerned with.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

withinprepositionUS /wɪˈðɪn/

inside; before a period of time has passed

From this reading The English Pastoral Drama I We have seen in an earlier chapter what had been achieved within the limits of the mythological drama proper, and also how it had fared with the attempts to introduce the Italian pastoral into England either by way of translation or of direct imitation.

Chapter 6 of Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary by W. W. (Walter Wilson) Greg holds 611 sentences, grouped into 123 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary contain?

Chapter 6 holds 611 sentences of Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary, unabridged, divided into 123 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary by W. W. (Walter Wilson) Greg exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 611 sentences, grouped into 123 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary?

Work through the 123 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 123 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary

Common questions about reading Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary by W. W. (Walter Wilson) Greg on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary?

Yes. All 6457 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #12218 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #12218, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary take to read?

About 538 minutes of reading across 1292 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary section by section

How to work through Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 7 chapters of Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary

Words and structures a reader meets early in Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Pastoral
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Masques
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Slighter
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dramatic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pastoral Poetry & Pastoral Drama A Literary; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.