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Pathfinders of the West
Pathfinders of the West

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Pathfinders of the West is here in full — 453 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France
Radisson was not yet twenty-six years of age, and his explorations of the Great Northwest had won him both fame and fortune.
As Spain sought gold in the New Word, so France sought precious furs.
Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.
For a year after the migration of the Hurons to Onondaga, not a single beaver skin was brought to Montreal.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Pathfinders of the West

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Pathfinders of the West is here in full — 453 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/90 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France
Line 2
Radisson was not yet twenty-six years of age, and his explorations of the Great Northwest had won him both fame and fortune.
Line 3
As Spain sought gold in the New Word, so France sought precious furs.
/æz speɪn sɔːt ɡoʊld ɪn ðə nuː wɜːrd soʊ fræns sɔːt ˈpreʃəs fɜːrz/
Line 4
Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.
/fɜːrz wɜːr ðə ˈoʊnli ˈpɑːsəbəl miːnz ʌv welθ tuː ðə frentʃ ˈkɑːləni ənd fɔːr ten jɪrz ðə fɜːr treɪd hæd ˈlæŋɡwɪʃt ˈoʊɪŋ tuː ðə ˈɪrəkwɔɪ wɔːrz/
Line 5
For a year after the migration of the Hurons to Onondaga, not a single beaver skin was brought to Montreal.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arouses verb US /ərˈaʊzɪz/

third-person singular of “arouse” — call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)

From this reading “1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France”

explorations noun US /ˌeksplərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “exploration” — to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading “1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France”

Explorers noun US /ɪkˈsplɔːrərz/

plural of “explorer” — someone who travels into little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose)

From this reading “1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France”

Iroquois noun US /ˈɪrəkwɔɪ/

any member of the warlike North American Indian peoples formerly living in New York State; the Iroquois League were allies of the British during the American Revolution

From this reading “Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.”

languished verb US /ˈlæŋɡwɪʃt/

past form of “languish” — lose vigor, health, or flesh, as through grief

From this reading “Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.”

migration noun US /maɪˈɡreɪʃən/

the movement of persons from one country or locality to another

From this reading “For a year after the migration of the Hurons to Onondaga, not a single beaver skin was brought to Montreal.”

Montreal noun US /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/

a city in southern Quebec province on the Saint Lawrence River; the largest city in Quebec and 2nd largest in Canada; the 2nd largest French-speaking city in the world

From this reading “For a year after the migration of the Hurons to Onondaga, not a single beaver skin was brought to Montreal.”

Onondaga noun US /ˌɑːnənˈdɔːɡə/

a member of the Iroquoian people formerly living between Lake Champlain and the Saint Lawrence River

From this reading “For a year after the migration of the Hurons to Onondaga, not a single beaver skin was brought to Montreal.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1661

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

1664

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading For a year after the migration of the Hurons to Onondaga, not a single beaver skin was brought to Montreal.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Radisson was not yet twenty-six years of age, and his explorations of the Great Northwest had won him both fame and fortune.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

arousesverbUS /ərˈaʊzɪz/

third-person singular of “arouse” — call forth (emotions, feelings, and responses)

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As Spain sought gold in the New Word, so France sought precious furs.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

beavernounUS /ˈbiːvər/

the soft brown fur of the beaver

From this reading For a year after the migration of the Hurons to Onondaga, not a single beaver skin was brought to Montreal.

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Radisson was not yet twenty-six years of age, and his explorations of the Great Northwest had won him both fame and fortune.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading For a year after the migration of the Hurons to Onondaga, not a single beaver skin was brought to Montreal.

colonynounUS /ˈkɑːləni/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.

ConditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

DefiancenounUS /dɪˈfaɪəns/

intentionally contemptuous behavior or attitude

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

drivenadjectiveUS /ˈdrɪvən/

compelled forcibly by an outside agency

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

EnvynounUS /ˈenvi/

a feeling of grudging admiration and desire to have something that is possessed by another

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

ExplorationsnounUS /ˌeksplərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “exploration” — to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

ExplorersnounUS /ɪkˈsplɔːrərz/

plural of “explorer” — someone who travels into little known regions (especially for some scientific purpose)

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

famenounUS /feɪm/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading Radisson was not yet twenty-six years of age, and his explorations of the Great Northwest had won him both fame and fortune.

FamousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.

FortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

FOURTHnounUS /fɔːrθ/

following the third position; number four in a countable series

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

furnounUS /fɜːr/

the dressed hairy coat of a mammal

From this reading Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.

fursnounUS /fɜːrz/

plural of “fur” — the dressed hairy coat of a mammal

From this reading As Spain sought gold in the New Word, so France sought precious furs.

goldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading As Spain sought gold in the New Word, so France sought precious furs.

GovernornounUS /ˈɡʌvərnər/

the head of a state government

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Radisson was not yet twenty-six years of age, and his explorations of the Great Northwest had won him both fame and fortune.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Radisson was not yet twenty-six years of age, and his explorations of the Great Northwest had won him both fame and fortune.

HalfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Radisson was not yet twenty-six years of age, and his explorations of the Great Northwest had won him both fame and fortune.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Radisson was not yet twenty-six years of age, and his explorations of the Great Northwest had won him both fame and fortune.

Hurons

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For a year after the migration of the Hurons to Onondaga, not a single beaver skin was brought to Montreal.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

IroquoisnounUS /ˈɪrəkwɔɪ/

any member of the warlike North American Indian peoples formerly living in New York State; the Iroquois League were allies of the British during the American Revolution

From this reading Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

languishedverbUS /ˈlæŋɡwɪʃt/

past form of “languish” — lose vigor, health, or flesh, as through grief

From this reading Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.

MidnightnounUS /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

migrationnounUS /maɪˈɡreɪʃən/

the movement of persons from one country or locality to another

From this reading For a year after the migration of the Hurons to Onondaga, not a single beaver skin was brought to Montreal.

MontrealnounUS /ˌmʌntriˈɔːl/

a city in southern Quebec province on the Saint Lawrence River; the largest city in Quebec and 2nd largest in Canada; the 2nd largest French-speaking city in the world

From this reading For a year after the migration of the Hurons to Onondaga, not a single beaver skin was brought to Montreal.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

NorthnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

NorthwestnounUS /ˌnɔːrˈθwest/

the northwestern region of the United States

From this reading Radisson was not yet twenty-six years of age, and his explorations of the Great Northwest had won him both fame and fortune.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Radisson was not yet twenty-six years of age, and his explorations of the Great Northwest had won him both fame and fortune.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.

OnondaganounUS /ˌɑːnənˈdɔːɡə/

a member of the Iroquoian people formerly living between Lake Champlain and the Saint Lawrence River

From this reading For a year after the migration of the Hurons to Onondaga, not a single beaver skin was brought to Montreal.

owingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.

PermissionnounUS /pərˈmɪʃən/

approval to do something

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

possibleadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːsəbəl/

capable of happening or existing

From this reading Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.

preciousadjectiveUS /ˈpreʃəs/

characterized by feeling or showing fond affection for

From this reading As Spain sought gold in the New Word, so France sought precious furs.

ProfitsnounUS /ˈprɑːfɪts/

the excess of revenues over outlays in a given period of time (including depreciation and other non-cash expenses)

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

Radisson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Radisson was not yet twenty-six years of age, and his explorations of the Great Northwest had won him both fame and fortune.

RADISSON'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

receivingverbUS /rəˈsiːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “receive” — get something; come into possession of

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

refusesnounUS /rəˈfjuːzəz/

plural of “refuse” — food that is discarded (as from a kitchen)

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

resumeverbUS /rɪˈzuːm/

take up or begin anew

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

SeanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

singleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪŋɡəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading For a year after the migration of the Hurons to Onondaga, not a single beaver skin was brought to Montreal.

skinnounUS /skɪn/

a natural protective body covering and site of the sense of touch

From this reading For a year after the migration of the Hurons to Onondaga, not a single beaver skin was brought to Montreal.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading As Spain sought gold in the New Word, so France sought precious furs.

soughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading As Spain sought gold in the New Word, so France sought precious furs.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading As Spain sought gold in the New Word, so France sought precious furs.

stealverbUS /stiːl/

take without the owner's consent

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

SuccessnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.

twenty-sixadjective

being six more than twenty

From this reading Radisson was not yet twenty-six years of age, and his explorations of the Great Northwest had won him both fame and fortune.

VOYAGEnounUS /ˈvɔɪədʒ/

an act of traveling by water

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

warsnounUS /wɔːrz/

plural of “war” — the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Radisson was not yet twenty-six years of age, and his explorations of the Great Northwest had won him both fame and fortune.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Furs were the only possible means of wealth to the French colony, and for ten years the fur trade had languished owing to the Iroquois wars.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading 1661-1664 RADISSON'S FOURTH VOYAGE The Success of the Explorers arouses Envy--It becomes known that they have heard of the Famous Sea of the North--When they ask Permission to resume their Explorations, the French Governor refuses except on Condition of receiving Half the Profits--In Defiance, the Explorers steal off at Midnight--They return with a Fortune and are driven from New France

wonnounUS /wʌn/

the basic unit of money in South Korea

From this reading Radisson was not yet twenty-six years of age, and his explorations of the Great Northwest had won him both fame and fortune.

WordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading As Spain sought gold in the New Word, so France sought precious furs.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading For a year after the migration of the Hurons to Onondaga, not a single beaver skin was brought to Montreal.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Radisson was not yet twenty-six years of age, and his explorations of the Great Northwest had won him both fame and fortune.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Radisson was not yet twenty-six years of age, and his explorations of the Great Northwest had won him both fame and fortune.

Chapter 4 of Pathfinders of the West by Agnes C. Laut holds 453 sentences, grouped into 91 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Pathfinders of the West contain?

Chapter 4 holds 453 sentences of Pathfinders of the West, unabridged, divided into 91 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Pathfinders of the West by Agnes C. Laut exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 453 sentences, grouped into 91 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Pathfinders of the West?

Work through the 91 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 91 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Pathfinders of the West

Common questions about reading Pathfinders of the West by Agnes C. Laut on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Pathfinders of the West?

Yes. All 4708 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18216 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Pathfinders of the West is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18216, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Pathfinders of the West take to read?

About 392 minutes of reading across 942 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Pathfinders of the West section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Pathfinders of the West

Words and structures a reader meets early in Pathfinders of the West, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Radisson's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pathfinders of the West; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
First
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pathfinders of the West; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Voyage
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pathfinders of the West; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Radisson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Pathfinders of the West; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.