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Paul and Virginia
Paul and Virginia

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of Paul and Virginia is here in full — 118 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"Vainly, in your misfortunes, do you say to yourself, 'I have not deserved them.'
Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?
She has undergone the fate allotted to all,--to high birth, to beauty, and even to empires themselves.
The life of man, with all his projects, may be compared to a tower, at whose summit is death.
When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.
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Paul and Virginia

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of Paul and Virginia is here in full — 118 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"Vainly, in your misfortunes, do you say to yourself, 'I have not deserved them.'
/ˈveɪnli ɪn jɔːr mɪˈsfɔːrtʃənz duː juː seɪ tuː jərˈself aɪ hæv nɑːt dɪˈzɜːrvd ðem/
Line 2
Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?
Line 3
She has undergone the fate allotted to all,--to high birth, to beauty, and even to empires themselves.
Line 4
The life of man, with all his projects, may be compared to a tower, at whose summit is death.
/ðə laɪf ʌv mæn wɪð ɔːl hɪz ˈprɑːdʒekts meɪ biː kəmˈperd tuː ə ˈtaʊər æt huːz ˈsʌmət ɪz deθ/
Line 5
When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.
/wen jɔːr vərˈdʒɪnjə wɑːz bɔːrn ʃiː wɑːz kənˈdemd tuː daɪ ˈhæpəli fɔːr hərˈself ʃiː ɪz riˈliːst frʌm laɪf bɪˈfɔːr ˈluːzɪŋ hɜːr ˈmʌðər ɔːr jʊrz ɔːr juː seɪvd ðʌs frʌm ˌʌndərˈɡoʊɪŋ pæŋz wɜːrs ðæn ðoʊz ʌv deθ ˌɪtˈself/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

allotted adjective US /əˈlɑːtɪd/

given as a task

From this reading “She has undergone the fate allotted to all,--to high birth, to beauty, and even to empires themselves.”

calamity noun US /kəˈlæməti/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading “Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?”

deplore verb US /dɪˈplɔːr/

express strong disapproval of

From this reading “Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?”

empires noun US /ˈempaɪərz/

plural of “empire” — the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading “She has undergone the fate allotted to all,--to high birth, to beauty, and even to empires themselves.”

pangs noun US /pæŋz/

plural of “pang” — a sudden sharp feeling

From this reading “When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.”

projects noun US /ˈprɑːdʒekts/

plural of “project” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading “The life of man, with all his projects, may be compared to a tower, at whose summit is death.”

undergoing verb US /ˌʌndərˈɡoʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading “When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.”

undergone verb US /ˌʌndərˈɡɔːn/

inflected form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading “She has undergone the fate allotted to all,--to high birth, to beauty, and even to empires themselves.”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The life of man, with all his projects, may be compared to a tower, at whose summit is death.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading She has undergone the fate allotted to all,--to high birth, to beauty, and even to empires themselves.

allottedadjectiveUS /əˈlɑːtɪd/

given as a task

From this reading She has undergone the fate allotted to all,--to high birth, to beauty, and even to empires themselves.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The life of man, with all his projects, may be compared to a tower, at whose summit is death.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The life of man, with all his projects, may be compared to a tower, at whose summit is death.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading She has undergone the fate allotted to all,--to high birth, to beauty, and even to empires themselves.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading She has undergone the fate allotted to all,--to high birth, to beauty, and even to empires themselves.

bornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

calamitynounUS /kəˈlæməti/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?

comparedverbUS /kəmˈperd/

past form of “compare” — examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading The life of man, with all his projects, may be compared to a tower, at whose summit is death.

condemnedverbUS /kənˈdemd/

past form of “condemn” — express strong disapproval of

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?

deploreverbUS /dɪˈplɔːr/

express strong disapproval of

From this reading Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?

deservedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzɜːrvd/

properly deserved

From this reading "Vainly, in your misfortunes, do you say to yourself, 'I have not deserved them.'

dieverbUS /daɪ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading "Vainly, in your misfortunes, do you say to yourself, 'I have not deserved them.'

empiresnounUS /ˈempaɪərz/

plural of “empire” — the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading She has undergone the fate allotted to all,--to high birth, to beauty, and even to empires themselves.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading She has undergone the fate allotted to all,--to high birth, to beauty, and even to empires themselves.

fatenounUS /feɪt/

an event (or a course of events) that will inevitably happen in the future

From this reading She has undergone the fate allotted to all,--to high birth, to beauty, and even to empires themselves.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

happilyadverbUS /ˈhæpəli/

in a joyous manner

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading She has undergone the fate allotted to all,--to high birth, to beauty, and even to empires themselves.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "Vainly, in your misfortunes, do you say to yourself, 'I have not deserved them.'

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading She has undergone the fate allotted to all,--to high birth, to beauty, and even to empires themselves.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The life of man, with all his projects, may be compared to a tower, at whose summit is death.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "Vainly, in your misfortunes, do you say to yourself, 'I have not deserved them.'

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "Vainly, in your misfortunes, do you say to yourself, 'I have not deserved them.'

Isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading The life of man, with all his projects, may be compared to a tower, at whose summit is death.

losingverbUS /ˈluːzɪŋ/

-ing form of “lose” — fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The life of man, with all his projects, may be compared to a tower, at whose summit is death.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The life of man, with all his projects, may be compared to a tower, at whose summit is death.

misfortunesnounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃənz/

plural of “misfortune” — unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading "Vainly, in your misfortunes, do you say to yourself, 'I have not deserved them.'

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "Vainly, in your misfortunes, do you say to yourself, 'I have not deserved them.'

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

pangsnounUS /pæŋz/

plural of “pang” — a sudden sharp feeling

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?

projectsnounUS /ˈprɑːdʒekts/

plural of “project” — any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading The life of man, with all his projects, may be compared to a tower, at whose summit is death.

releasedverbUS /riˈliːst/

past form of “release” — release, as from one's grip

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

savedadjectiveUS /seɪvd/

rescued; especially from the power and consequences of sin

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading "Vainly, in your misfortunes, do you say to yourself, 'I have not deserved them.'

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She has undergone the fate allotted to all,--to high birth, to beauty, and even to empires themselves.

summitnounUS /ˈsʌmət/

the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading The life of man, with all his projects, may be compared to a tower, at whose summit is death.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading "Vainly, in your misfortunes, do you say to yourself, 'I have not deserved them.'

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading She has undergone the fate allotted to all,--to high birth, to beauty, and even to empires themselves.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "Vainly, in your misfortunes, do you say to yourself, 'I have not deserved them.'

towernounUS /ˈtaʊər/

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading The life of man, with all his projects, may be compared to a tower, at whose summit is death.

undergoingverbUS /ˌʌndərˈɡoʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

undergoneverbUS /ˌʌndərˈɡɔːn/

inflected form of “undergo” — pass through

From this reading She has undergone the fate allotted to all,--to high birth, to beauty, and even to empires themselves.

VainlyadverbUS /ˈveɪnli/

to no avail

From this reading "Vainly, in your misfortunes, do you say to yourself, 'I have not deserved them.'

VirginianounUS /vərˈdʒɪnjə/

a state in the eastern United States; one of the original 13 colonies; one of the Confederate States in the American Civil War

From this reading Is it then the calamity of Virginia--her death and her present condition that you deplore?

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

WhenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading The life of man, with all his projects, may be compared to a tower, at whose summit is death.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The life of man, with all his projects, may be compared to a tower, at whose summit is death.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "Vainly, in your misfortunes, do you say to yourself, 'I have not deserved them.'

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "Vainly, in your misfortunes, do you say to yourself, 'I have not deserved them.'

yourspronounUS /jʊrz/

the one or ones belonging to the person spoken to

From this reading When your Virginia was born, she was condemned to die; happily for herself, she is released from life before losing her mother, or yours, or you; saved, thus from undergoing pangs worse than those of death itself.

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading "Vainly, in your misfortunes, do you say to yourself, 'I have not deserved them.'

Chapter 13 of Paul and Virginia by Bernardin de Saint-Pierre holds 118 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of Paul and Virginia contain?

Chapter 13 holds 118 sentences of Paul and Virginia, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of Paul and Virginia by Bernardin de Saint-Pierre exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 118 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of Paul and Virginia?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #2127, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 150 minutes of reading across 360 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Paul and Virginia

Words and structures a reader meets early in Paul and Virginia, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Memoir
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Paul and Virginia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Paul and Virginia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Introducing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Paul and Virginia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Public
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Paul and Virginia; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.