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Paul Clifford — Volume 02
Paul Clifford — Volume 02

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Paul Clifford — Volume 02 is here in full — 81 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Paul Clifford — Volume 02
Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Common Sense._ What is the end of punishment as regards the individual punished?
_Custom._ To make him better!
_Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?
_Custom._ We send them to the House of Correction, to associate with the d--dest rascals in the country!
_Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Paul Clifford — Volume 02

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Paul Clifford — Volume 02 is here in full — 81 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Common Sense._ What is the end of punishment as regards the individual punished?
/ˈkɑːmən sens wʌt ɪz ðə end ʌv ˈpʌnɪʃmənt æz rɪˈɡɑːrdz ðə ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl ˈpʌnɪʃt/
Line 2
_Custom._ To make him better!
/ˈkʌstəm tuː meɪk hɪm ˈbetər/
Line 3
_Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?
Line 4
_Custom._ We send them to the House of Correction, to associate with the d--dest rascals in the country!
Line 5
_Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

associate verb US /əˈsoʊsiət/

make a logical or causal connection

From this reading “_Custom._ We send them to the House of Correction, to associate with the d--dest rascals in the country!”

Correction noun US /kərˈekʃən/

the act of offering an improvement to replace a mistake; setting right

From this reading “_Custom._ We send them to the House of Correction, to associate with the d--dest rascals in the country!”

Dialogue noun US /ˈdaɪəlɔːɡ/

a conversation between two persons

entree noun US /ˈɑːntreɪ/

the principal dish of a meal

matured adjective US /məˈtjʊrd/

fully ripe; at the height of bloom

From this reading “_Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?”

offenders noun US /əˈfendərz/

plural of “offender” — a person who transgresses moral or civil law

From this reading “_Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?”

rascals noun US /ˈræskəlz/

plural of “rascal” — a deceitful and unreliable scoundrel

From this reading “_Custom._ We send them to the House of Correction, to associate with the d--dest rascals in the country!”

reform noun US /rəˈfɔːrm/

a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

From this reading “_Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?”

All words in this reading · 76

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aliveadjectiveUS /əˈlaɪv/

possessing life

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading _Common Sense._ What is the end of punishment as regards the individual punished?

associateverbUS /əˈsoʊsiət/

make a logical or causal connection

From this reading _Custom._ We send them to the House of Correction, to associate with the d--dest rascals in the country!

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading _Custom._ To make him better!

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

Bridewell

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

CommonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading _Common Sense._ What is the end of punishment as regards the individual punished?

CorrectionnounUS /kərˈekʃən/

the act of offering an improvement to replace a mistake; setting right

From this reading _Custom._ We send them to the House of Correction, to associate with the d--dest rascals in the country!

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading _Custom._ We send them to the House of Correction, to associate with the d--dest rascals in the country!

CustomnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading _Custom._ To make him better!

dnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading _Custom._ We send them to the House of Correction, to associate with the d--dest rascals in the country!

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

dest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Custom._ We send them to the House of Correction, to associate with the d--dest rascals in the country!

DialoguenounUS /ˈdaɪəlɔːɡ/

a conversation between two persons

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading _Common Sense._ What is the end of punishment as regards the individual punished?

entreenounUS /ˈɑːntreɪ/

the principal dish of a meal

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

examplenounUS /ɪɡˈzæmpəl/

an item of information that is typical of a class or group

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _Custom._ To make him better!

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

HousenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading _Custom._ We send them to the House of Correction, to associate with the d--dest rascals in the country!

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _Custom._ We send them to the House of Correction, to associate with the d--dest rascals in the country!

individualadjectiveUS /ˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəwəl/

being or characteristic of a single thing or person

From this reading _Common Sense._ What is the end of punishment as regards the individual punished?

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Common Sense._ What is the end of punishment as regards the individual punished?

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading _Custom._ To make him better!

maturedadjectiveUS /məˈtjʊrd/

fully ripe; at the height of bloom

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Common Sense._ What is the end of punishment as regards the individual punished?

offendersnounUS /əˈfendərz/

plural of “offender” — a person who transgresses moral or civil law

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

PaulnounUS /pɔːl/

United States feminist (1885-1977)

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

peculiarlyadverbUS /pɪˈkjuːljərli/

uniquely or characteristically

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

punishverbUS /ˈpʌnɪʃ/

impose a penalty on; inflict punishment on

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

punishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌnɪʃt/

subjected to a penalty (as pain or shame or restraint or loss) for an offense or fault or in order to coerce some behavior (as a confession or obedience)

From this reading _Common Sense._ What is the end of punishment as regards the individual punished?

punishmentnounUS /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

the act of punishing

From this reading _Common Sense._ What is the end of punishment as regards the individual punished?

rascalsnounUS /ˈræskəlz/

plural of “rascal” — a deceitful and unreliable scoundrel

From this reading _Custom._ We send them to the House of Correction, to associate with the d--dest rascals in the country!

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

receiving-room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

reformnounUS /rəˈfɔːrm/

a change for the better as a result of correcting abuses

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

regardsnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdz/

plural of “regard” — (usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading _Common Sense._ What is the end of punishment as regards the individual punished?

ruinnounUS /ˈruːən/

an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

scarceadverbUS /skers/

only a very short time before

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

sendverbUS /send/

cause to go somewhere

From this reading _Custom._ We send them to the House of Correction, to associate with the d--dest rascals in the country!

SensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading _Common Sense._ What is the end of punishment as regards the individual punished?

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Common Sense._ What is the end of punishment as regards the individual punished?

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading _Custom._ We send them to the House of Correction, to associate with the d--dest rascals in the country!

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _Custom._ To make him better!

VeryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading _Custom._ We send them to the House of Correction, to associate with the d--dest rascals in the country!

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading _Common Sense._ What is the end of punishment as regards the individual punished?

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading _Dialogue between Common Sense and Custom.--Very scarce._ As it was rather late in the day when Paul made his first _entree_ at Bridewell, he passed that night in the "receiving-room."

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading _Custom._ We send them to the House of Correction, to associate with the d--dest rascals in the country!

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading _Common Sense._ How do you punish young offenders who are (from their youth) peculiarly alive to example, and whom it is therefore more easy either to ruin or reform than the matured?

Chapter 2 of Paul Clifford — Volume 02 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 81 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Paul Clifford — Volume 02 contain?

Chapter 2 holds 81 sentences of Paul Clifford — Volume 02, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Paul Clifford — Volume 02 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 81 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Paul Clifford — Volume 02?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Paul Clifford — Volume 02

Common questions about reading Paul Clifford — Volume 02 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Paul Clifford — Volume 02?

Yes. All 1011 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7729 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Paul Clifford — Volume 02 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #7729, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Paul Clifford — Volume 02 take to read?

About 84 minutes of reading across 203 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Paul Clifford — Volume 02 section by section

How to work through Paul Clifford — Volume 02 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Paul Clifford — Volume 02

Words and structures a reader meets early in Paul Clifford — Volume 02, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Begirt
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Paul Clifford — Volume 02; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gallant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Paul Clifford — Volume 02; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Slave
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Paul Clifford — Volume 02; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Apparelled
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Paul Clifford — Volume 02; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.