Chapter I
Chapter 1
Chapter 1 of Paul Clifford — Volume 07 is here in full — 328 sentences across 66 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
O Fortuna, viris invida fortibus Quam non aqua bonis praemia dividis. SENECA.
Paul Clifford — Volume 07
Chapter I · Chapter 1
Chapter 1 of Paul Clifford — Volume 07 is here in full — 328 sentences across 66 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
English subtitles · tap any word to listen
1 / 5
O
Fortuna,
viris
invida
fortibus
Quam
non
aqua
bonis
praemia
dividis.
SENECA.
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Paul Clifford — Volume 07
Chapter I · Chapter 1
Chapter 1 of Paul Clifford — Volume 07 is here in full — 328 sentences across 66 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/65 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
Line 1
O
Fortuna,
viris
invida
fortibus
Quam
non
aqua
bonis
praemia
dividis.
Line 2
SENECA.
/ˈsenəkə/
Line 3
Line 4
Line 5
Learner Dictionary
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
aqua
noun
US /ˈækwə/
a shade of blue tinged with green
From this reading “O Fortuna, viris invida fortibus Quam non aqua bonis praemia dividis.”
Fortuna
noun
US /fɔːrˈtuːnə/
(Roman mythology) the goddess of fortune and good luck; counterpart of Greek Tyche
From this reading “O Fortuna, viris invida fortibus Quam non aqua bonis praemia dividis.”
non
adverb
US /nɑːn/
negation of a word or group of words
From this reading “O Fortuna, viris invida fortibus Quam non aqua bonis praemia dividis.”
seneca
noun
US /ˈsenəkə/
Roman statesman and philosopher who was an advisor to Nero; his nine extant tragedies are modeled on Greek tragedies (circa 4 BC - 65 AD)
From this reading “SENECA.”
All words in this reading · 12
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
aquanounUS /ˈækwə/
a shade of blue tinged with green
From this reading O Fortuna, viris invida fortibus Quam non aqua bonis praemia dividis.
bonis
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading O Fortuna, viris invida fortibus Quam non aqua bonis praemia dividis.
dividis
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading O Fortuna, viris invida fortibus Quam non aqua bonis praemia dividis.
fortibus
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading O Fortuna, viris invida fortibus Quam non aqua bonis praemia dividis.
FortunanounUS /fɔːrˈtuːnə/
(Roman mythology) the goddess of fortune and good luck; counterpart of Greek Tyche
From this reading O Fortuna, viris invida fortibus Quam non aqua bonis praemia dividis.
invida
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading O Fortuna, viris invida fortibus Quam non aqua bonis praemia dividis.
nonadverbUS /nɑːn/
negation of a word or group of words
From this reading O Fortuna, viris invida fortibus Quam non aqua bonis praemia dividis.
a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust
From this reading O Fortuna, viris invida fortibus Quam non aqua bonis praemia dividis.
praemia
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading O Fortuna, viris invida fortibus Quam non aqua bonis praemia dividis.
Quam
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading O Fortuna, viris invida fortibus Quam non aqua bonis praemia dividis.
SENECAnounUS /ˈsenəkə/
Roman statesman and philosopher who was an advisor to Nero; his nine extant tragedies are modeled on Greek tragedies (circa 4 BC - 65 AD)
From this reading SENECA.
viris
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading O Fortuna, viris invida fortibus Quam non aqua bonis praemia dividis.
Chapter 1 of Paul Clifford — Volume 07 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton holds 328 sentences, grouped into 66 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
What does chapter 1 of Paul Clifford — Volume 07 contain?
Chapter 1 holds 328 sentences of Paul Clifford — Volume 07, unabridged, divided into 66 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 1 of Paul Clifford — Volume 07 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 328 sentences, grouped into 66 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
How do I study chapter 1 of Paul Clifford — Volume 07?
Work through the 66 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 66 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?
Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.
Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.
Questions about reading Paul Clifford — Volume 07
Common questions about reading Paul Clifford — Volume 07 by Edward Bulwer Lytton, Baron Lytton on this page, its source edition and its audio.
Is this the complete text of Paul Clifford — Volume 07?
Yes. All 911 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #7734 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.
Which edition of Paul Clifford — Volume 07 is used?
Project Gutenberg eBook #7734, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.
How long does Paul Clifford — Volume 07 take to read?
About 75 minutes of reading across 183 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
How to read Paul Clifford — Volume 07 section by section
How to work through Paul Clifford — Volume 07 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.
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Open a chapter
Choose one of the 3 chapters of Paul Clifford — Volume 07 to begin.
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Read one section
Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.
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Listen and tap
Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.
Vocabulary met early in Paul Clifford — Volume 07
Words and structures a reader meets early in Paul Clifford — Volume 07, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
- Fortuna
- A word that appears in the opening chapter of Paul Clifford — Volume 07; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
- Viris
- A word that appears in the opening chapter of Paul Clifford — Volume 07; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
- Invida
- A word that appears in the opening chapter of Paul Clifford — Volume 07; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
- Fortibus
- A word that appears in the opening chapter of Paul Clifford — Volume 07; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.